To be considered an adaptation, a trait must be this.
What is heritable
100
Charles Darwin knew that organisms had traits and behaviors that allowed them ______ and ________
What is survive and reproduce
100
Body parts that serve no purpose but are evidence of common ancestry
What are vestigial structures
100
Remnants of past organisms
What is a fossil
200
Charles Darwin came up with HOW evolution occurs. This is called _________ __________.
Natural Selection
200
camouflage, for example
What is an adaptation
200
The variety of dog breeds we have today is a product of this.
What is artificial selection
200
Body parts that serve the same function in different animals but are NOT structurally similar, and therefore do NOT show common ancestry, are called this.
What are analogous structures
200
List an example of variations you have observed among humans or other organisms
What is (ask judge for approval)
300
What was wrong with Lamarck's theory of "Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics?"
Acquired characteristics cannot be passed on from parent to offspring - they are not heritable
300
The poisonous and non-poisonous butterfly were an example of this (be specific)
Mimicry
300
Why isn't it considered natural selection when a farmer breeds milk cows that produce more milk?
-The environment is not selecting the trait, the farmer is.
or
-Because it is artificial selection
300
A bat wing and a human forelimb are an example of this
What are homologous structures
300
What does the term 'fitness' mean
How well an organism can survive and reproduce
400
Darwin argued that all existing species originated from this.
What is a common ancestor
400
Over many generations, adaptations could cause successful species (or more fit) to ________ into new species.
What is evolve or change
400
If all of the individuals in a population were identical, could natural selection act on that population? Why?
No, because there needs to be variation for natural selection to occur
400
Two pieces of evidence for evolution other than fossil evidence
Any two of the following: biogeography, molecular/genetic, embryology, anatomy
400
Differences between species (one word)
What is variation
500
Explain natural selection
The process by which the most fit organisms survive and reproduce
500
Adaptations that decrease fitness may cause this
Little or no offspring; extinction
500
Sharp teeth and claws are _________ that help tigers capture their prey
What is adaptation
500
How did animal bones evolve to be adapted to different purposes? HINT: Why does the related whale and human have different shaped forelimbs?
As animals moved to different environments, natural selection favored adaptations that were helpful in the new environments
500
One of the scientists that influenced Darwin and their contribution
Possible answers
a) Hutton/Lyell - deep time/geology
b) Malthus - population growth
c) Lamarck - acquired traits