How old is the universe according to The Big Bang?
13.7 billion years old
100
What is a giant cloud of gas and dust called?
Nebula
100
What are the 2 variables on an H-R Diagram?
Luminosity and Temperature
100
Use the H-R Diagram to answer this: Are Blue Giants hotter or colder than Red Supergiants?
Hotter
200
Who found data that led us to learn that the universe is changing constantly and always expanding?
Edwin Hubble
200
What was the first element created after the big bang?
Hydrogen
200
What occurs before a black hole?
Supernova
200
Most stars on the H-R Diagram are classified as:
Main Sequence Stars
200
What came before The Big Bang?
We don't know... there is no evidence to find out.
300
What is Hubble's Law?
States that the further away a galaxy is- the faster it is moving from us
300
What is nuclear fusion?
Fusing elements together under intense heat and pressure to create new elements
300
Explain what will happen to our Sun in the next stage of its life.
It will become a white dwarf- meaning it will collapse into itself, shrink to become very hot, and then eventually the light will fade.
300
Using the H-R Diagram, what is the approximate temperature of our Sun?
6,000-7,000 K
300
What is nuclear fission?
Splitting the nucleus of an atom.
400
Explain the Redshift.
If something is moving away from us in the universe, it has a red-tint to it. Therefore, when a galaxy has a red color to it, that means it must be moving away from us.
400
Explain dark matter AND how we know it exists.
Emits no electromagnetic radiation so it can't be observed directly. We know it exists because of the gravitational pull it has.
400
Explain the life cycle of a Supergiant.
Supergiant will eventually turn into a supernova because the iron core explodes, then it could become a neutron star or a black hole.
400
Which stars have the highest luminosity and the highest temperature?
Blue Giants
400
According to one hypothesis of scientists, approximately how what percent of the universe is made of dark energy?
72%
500
What all does the universe contain?
All star systems, galaxies, gas and dust, all matter and energy, all space and time.
500
Explain how we know there is dark matter around the "outside" of our galaxy.
It is moving just as quickly on the outside of the galaxy as it is on the inside where there is a lot of mass, so there must be a lot of mass on the outside as well, we just can't see it.
500
Explain why a star could become either a neutron star or a black hole.
Depends on the mass- smaller mass leads to a neutron star, a larger mass leads to a black hole.
500
Which type of stars have really high luminosity but very low temperature?
Red supergiants
500
The nebular hypothesis states that the solar system formed about how many years ago?