Big Bang Evidence
The Solar System
HR Diagram
Stellar Evolution
Black Holes
100
The Big Bang Theory is supported by four key pieces of evidence. Name and explain them.
Hubble's Law which states that the universe is expanding and that galaxies that are further away are moving away faster.
Red Shift which states that we can tell that galaxies are moving away from us because their color is shifted to the red part of the spectrum
e = mc2 which states that all of the matter in the universe could have come from pure energy
Cosmic Microwave Background which is the left over radiation released during the Big Bang.
100
The solar system began forming out of this 4.6-5.0 billion years ago.
What is a nebula?
100
HR-Diagrams show how different mass stars evolve. These are three of the features of main sequence stars shown on an HR-Diagram
What are temperature and luminosity?
100
Protostars begin within large clouds of gas called this.
What is nebula or stellar nursery?
100
Hawking Radiation is one of two pieces of evidence that black holes exist. It is released from this structure on a black hole.
What is the Event Horizon?
200
This is the name of the youngest possible picture of the universe. The universe's baby picture.
What is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation?
200
Earth formed by a process called accretion which means that this was happening.
What is small bits of dust were sticking together forming larger and larger rocks until finally Earth was formed?
200
Stars that are very luminous, but not very hot are either a super blue giant or this type of star.
What are red giants or red super giants?
200
Stars that are larger than 10 solar masses will eventually turn into these before going supernova.
What are red giants?
200
Black holes have immense gravity. These are two things you might find inside of a black hole.
What are a path to another universe (white hole), death, intense heat and radiation, wormhole to another part of the universe?
300
Edwin Hubble discovered two important realities about our universe. The universe is expanding and this fact about galaxies viewed from Earth.
Galaxies that are further away Earth are moving away faster than galaxies that are closer to Earth.
300
This force attracted smaller rocks to bigger rocks and ultimately resulted in protoplanets turning into planets. One of which is Earth.
What is gravity?
300
Star remnants that are very luminous, but not very hot are called this.
What are white dwarfs?
300
Sun-like stars are not big enough to go supernova, but they do turn into red giants and then turn into these beautiful objects for a few million years.
What is a planetary nebula?
300
The Event Horizon is the point at which this happens.
What is point of no return, nothing can escape, not even light?
400
Redshift is a piece of Hubble's Law that demonstrates this strange fact about galaxies.
What is light from galaxies moving away from our galaxy is stretched due to the expansion of the universe?
400
While the space dust was accreting together charges were building up and electrostatic charges built up releasing space lightning. Space lightning then resulted in this that caused the space dust to melt, making it easier for protoplanets to form.
What is melt?
400
Stars that are fusing hydrogen to helium are considered in this phase of development and can be found along the curved portion of the HR-Diagram.
What is the main sequence?
400
Stars that are slightly larger than the sun are good candidates to turn into these, but not quite large enough to turn into black holes.
What are neutron stars?
400
This is what happens to matter once it passes beyond the Event Horizon. A very horrible (but tasty???) way to die.
What is spaghettification?
500
Evidence suggest that universe is this number of years old.
What is 13.84 billion years old?
500
Once the Earth was formed materials that were more this settled to the core.
What is dense?
500
The hottest, most luminous stars are this color.
What is blue?
500
The inward force of gravity and outward pressure from this nuclear process must be in balance in order for a star to maintain equilibrium.
What is fusion?
500
The reason why Spaghettification happens is because there are massive differences in this force from one point in space to another.
What is gravity?