Urban Systems and Theories
This era introduced the employment of new technologies that reflect and reproduce existing inequities but that are promoted and perceived as more objective or progressive than the discriminatory systems of a previous era
What is the New Jim Code?
This economic downturn came about after the bursting of the US housing bubble and the global financial crisis between 2007-2009
What is the Great Recession? (or subprime mortgage crisis)
This San Francisco neighborhood is one of the city’s oldest and has the highest concentration of Latina/o and Latin American immigrants in the city
What is the Mission District?
This process is characterized by the influx of economic capital that forces the displacement of long-term residents, especially POC and working class and poor people
What is gentrification?
He was known as the father of Taylorism, also known as, Scientific Management
These characterize the ways that waste in particular has been a central modality through which race in twentieth century US cities has been lived
What are waste formations?
A theory of political- economic practices that promotes the deregulation of markets, the reduction of international trade barriers, the privatization of state companies, the growth of private investment, and the withdrawal of the state
What is neoliberalism?
This California region has been referred to as ‘The Valley of Dreams,’ ‘The Valley of the Heart’s Delight,’ and ‘The Garden of America.’
What is Silicon Valley?
This term refers to the federal government’s use of color-coded maps to rank the loan worthiness of neighborhoods in more than 200 cities and towns across the United States.
What is redlining?
This is form of politics focused on the performance of constituent favors
What is bossism?
This theory of urban politics posits that growth is the objective that unites diverse interests (multiple actors and organizations) in relation to a city.
What is the growth machine?
This mode of production was a model of rationalization that used the assembly line, standardization, expansion of a mass market through higher wages and lower prices
What is Fordism?
This Los Angeles suburb is known for being the hometown of several hip-hop artists and the city’s Black population jumped from 5% to 40% between 1950 and 1960
What is Compton, California?
These were contractual agreements that prohibit the purchase, lease, or occupation of a piece of property by a particular group of people, usually African Americans
What are (racial) restrictive covenants?
This was a Democratic machine in NYC that controlled NYC and NY State politics at the turn of the 18th century
What is Tammany Hall?
This field, introduced by Oscar Newman, drew on Jane Jacobs’ “eyes on the street” but instead focused on crimes against property and crime rates
What is CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)?
This is a method of labor discipline and plant organization that was based on scientific investigations of labor efficiency and incentive systems popularized by Frederick Winslow.
What is scientific management?
This West Oakland high school was shut down in 2020 due to toxic chemicals found in the groundwater
What is McClymonds High School?
This practice involved real estate speculators buying homes in white neighborhoods that bordered black neighborhoods, then renting or selling those homes to black families at an elevated price.
What is blockbusting?
These municipal reformers were mostly Influential, educated men who lived mostly in the Northeast. They saw themselves as defenders of culture, using education to lift the masses
What are mugwumps?
This urban studies scholar introduced an urban growth theory claiming that “creative people” drive regional economic growth
Who is Richard Florida?
This British geographer, and co-authors, introduced the concept of the “fourth wave of gentrification” to amend Hackworth and Smith’s theory of gentrification.
Who is Loretta Lees?
This man co-invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories in 1947, and later founded a Transistor Corporation in Palo Alto
Who is William Shockley?
In this wave, cities experienced a sporadic, state-led form of gentrification that was mostly localized
What is the first wave of gentrification?
This district in Chicago ran several blocks along south Clark Street, south of Van Buren, and was described by one Chicago detective as "about as tough and vicious a place as there was on the face of the earth. Around the doors of these places could be seen gaudily-bedecked females, half-clad in flashy finery, dresses which never came below their knees, with many colored stockings and fancy shoes. Many of them wore bodices cut so low that they did not amount to much more than a belt."
What is “Little Cheyenne”?