Anatomy
These are the two tubes responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
ureters
This clinical term that measures the specific speed at which the kidneys are processing blood.
Glomerular filtration rate
This specific condition, common in men, occurs when the bladder fails to empty fully during urination.
Urinary retention
This is a life-threatening condition caused by the body’s extreme response to a urinary tract infection.
Sepsis
This is the formal medical term for the formation of kidney stones.
Nephrolithiasis
This major vessel is the "entry point" where blood first arrives at the kidney to be filtered.
The renal artery
The functional unit of the kidney that does the actual filtering.
Nephron
This is the maximum average capacity (in mL) a healthy bladder can hold before needing to empty.
400-600
The primary liquid waste product filtered out by the kidneys.
Urea
differentiate specialists: name the doctor who treats the bladder, urethra, AND the male reproductive system.
A urologist
While the kidneys filter waste, they also secrete substances that control these two specific bodily functions.
Blood pressure and red blood cell production
The process where the body takes back useful substances like glucose.
Tubular Reabsorption
"Mixed Incontinence"; name the two specific types of incontinence that must be present for this diagnosis.
Urge and stress
This specific condition occurs when nerve impulses fail to tell the bladder to contract and release.
Neurogenic bladder
Inflammation of the bladder, often causing a frequent urge to pee.
Cystitis
the two specific points where blood enters and leaves the kidneys
Renal artery and renal vein
The process of adding certain wastes directly from the blood into the filtrate.
Tubular Secretion
This type of incontinence is caused by environmental, cognitive, or physical reasons rather than a biological bladder failure.
Functional incontinence
Name specific lifestyle risk factors for UTIs
Poor fluid intake, holding urine for long periods, and tub baths with additives
This condition is characterized by a "sudden onset" of failure due to injury, toxins, or trauma.
Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
Name all five components that make up the urinary system
Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, one urethra, and a meatus
Explain the difference between a nephron and a glomerulus.
The nephron is the unit that filters blood; the glomerulus is the mass of capillaries within that nephron where the filtration actually happens
For patients with a "Neurogenic Bladder," what medical device may be used every 3–4 hours?
A catheter
Name the specific treatment mentioned for neurogenic bladder when medication isn't
Surgery
"Renovascular Hypertension"; name the specific cause of this condition and the resulting symptom.
A blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high blood pressure