Anatomy Diagrams
More Anatomy
Maintaining Homeostasis
Urinary Histology
Avian Urinary System
100
What is D?
Urethra
100
What are the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureters
100
What hormone acts on the kidney to activate vitamin D, which in turn increases Ca2+ absorption from the intestine?
Parathyroid hormone
100
Which cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) act as chemoreceptors and are part of the distal tubule wall?
macula densa
100
Which nephron component is lacking in reptilian nephrons?
Loop of Henle
200
What is the cluster of blood vessels called?
glomerulus
200
What blood vessel carries blood to the kidney?
renal artery
200
Increases in CO2 from poor ventilation would increase the secretion of what ion from the kidney to restore acid-base balance?
H+
200
Type of epithelium in the Bladder and Ureters
Transitional
200
What is the principal nitrogenous component of avian urine?
uric acid
300
What is the structure below?
nephron
300
Smooth muscle that compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine into the urethra.
Detrusor Muscle
300
Increased H+ (because of poor kidney function and consequent reduced H+ secretion) would stimulate what body process to assist in lowering H+?
ventilation (and CO2 loss)
300
What is the name of the special foot-like cells that line the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule that form part of the filtration apparatus of the renal corpuscle.
podocytes (in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule)
300
Why does uric acid precipitate in the renal tubules in avian species?
to avoid the obligation of water secretion
400
What is the central collecting region of the kidney called?
renal pelvis
400
In the kidney, what is the portion of the nephron that helps refine filtrate and empties in the collecting tubulues/collecting duct?
Distal tubule
400
The first of the graded responses in the kidney to decreased left atrial filling (hypovolemia) is
renin secretion from juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
400
Function of the Basement membrane during filtration
Holds back most proteins. Allows passage of Water, Ions, Glucose, Amino acids, Urea
400
In what bird organs is ammonia converted to uric acid?
liver and kidneys
500
This part of a nephron is composed of a tangled cluster called a glomerulus which filters fluid; includes glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
renal corpuscle
500
The characteristic of glomerular capillaries that allow rapid filtration
Fenestrations
500
Which hormone promotes the tubular reabsorption of Na+ and the tubular secretion of K+?
aldosterone
500
These are thin-walled looping vessels that descend into the medulla, and are part of the kidney’s urine concentrating mechanism
vasa recta
500
Where may water reabsorption from urine deposited in the cloaca occur in birds?
colon and cecum