Before the Fighting
The “backbone of the Roman Republic
What is the citizen farmer?
The Assembly rejected the Senate’s choice and selected this man for their cause
Who was Marius?
This political alliance between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus helped destabilize the late Republic.
What is the First Triumvirate?
Antony and Octavian worked together at first to avenge the death of this person.
Who is Julius Caesar?
After the civil wars, Octavian became Rome’s first emperor under this name.
Who was Caesar Augustus?
This Roman general’s military reforms created a professional army loyal to commanders rather than the state.
Who was Marius?
One feature of the professional was that it became more loyal to this rather than Rome
What is its commander?
Caesar sparked civil war by crossing this in 49 BC.
What is the Rubicon River?
This general ruled in the East side of the Roman Republic
Who was Antony?
After the fighting, Octavian did this for the followers of Antony
What is granted them amnesty?
Getting paid to fight was one feature of this kind of army.
What is a professional army?
After defeating Marius’ supporters, Sulla assumed this extraordinary office.
What is "dictator"?
Julius Caesar used this system to secretly communicate with his army
What is Ceaser Cipher?
Antony formed a political alliance with this Egyptian leader
Who was Cleopatra?
He was Julius Caesar's nephew
Who was Octavian?
This branch of Roman government became the most powerful ruling body in Rome
What is the Senate?
Sulla gained his support from this political body
What is the Senate?
Julius Caesar was appointed governor of this European region
What is Gaul?
This is the way Antony died.
What is suicide?
31 B.C. marks the end of this
What is the Roman Republic?
The failure of the Senate to deal with the reforms for the poor eventually led to these
What are the civil wars?
Marius did something for his army that no general had done before.
What is paid them to fight?
Caesar defeated Pompey decisively at this 48 BC battle.
What is the Battle of Pharsalus?
This naval battle in 31 BC ended Antony’s hopes and the final civil war of the Republic.
What is the Battle of Actium?
This book in the Bible mentions Octavian by his title
What is the gospel of Luke?