Women
Was women's reatreat to housewifery voluntary? How did it make women feel?
"Women's retreat to houewifery, for exampl, was in many cases not chosen freely. During the war, thosands of women gad enetered new jobs, gained new skills, joined unions, and fought against job discrimination" (31)
What was considered to be a new invention? What type?
"Most people understood the 1950's family to be a new invention" (26)
"The most saient symbol and immediate beneficary of their new found prosperity was the nuclear family" (25)
During the 1950s, what increased by more than they had in the entire previous half century?
Wages
True or False: The poverty rate of two-parent black families was more than 50 percent
True
What was the most dramatic medical advance that improved life for children?
The Polio Vaccine
How would women "dull the pain" in the 1950s?
“Women tried to dull the pain with alcohol or drugs. Tranquilizers were developed in the 1950s in response to a need that physicians explicitly saw as female” (36).
Less than 10 percent of Americans believed that an unmarried person could be ______
Happy
What type of market was thriving?
The real estate market
"Housing starts exploded after the war, peaking at 1.65 million in 1955 and remaing above 1.5 million a year for the rest of the decade"
Why did the African Americans migrate to the North?
"African Americans in the South faced systematic, legally sanctioned segregation adn pervasive brutality" (30)
What were the expectations of the 1950s? What did these expectations lead to?
"Adopt family values and strategies that summed the availibility of cheap energy; low-interest home loans, expanding educational and occupational oppurtunities, and steady employment. These expectations ecouraged early marriage, early childbearing, expansion of consumer debt..." (29)
How many more wives were at work at 1952 than at the peak of war time production?
"2 million" (31)
Surban families were capitilisms anwser to ___ ?
The communist threat
What percentage of Americans were poor in the mid 1950s?
"A full 25 percent of Americans, forty to fifty million people" (29)
Prior to the war, where did most blacks and Mexican Americans live?
Rural areas and in the South
What did conservatives believe?
Conservatives believe that if they can demonstrate the traditional family is alive and well, although endangered by policies that reward two-earner families and single parents, they can pass measures to revive the seeming placidit and prosperity of the 1950s” (23)
How were women forced to accept their domestic roles and babies?
Electric shock treatments
Where did the problems of working class families lie?
"The problems of working-class families did not lie in their economic situation but in theie failure to create harmonious gender roles" (28)
___ of the population could not get by on the income of the household head
One third
What was employed against Native Americans to get them to give up treaty rights?
"termination and relocation policies" (30)
What did liberal children learn to do?
“Liberal children learned to confine their opinions to the family for fear that their father’s job or reputation might be threatened” (33)
"Ferdidanad Kundberg described feminism as a ____", Why?
Deep illness; "The notion of an independent woman a 'contradiction in tems,' and accused women who sought educational or employment equality of engaging in symbolic 'castration' of men" (32)
What did social workers endorse for families? What did they look suspicously on?
"Social wokers 'endorsed nuclear family separatedness and looke suspicously on active extended family netwroks'" (26)
What became common to happen as husbands finished school?
It became common for there wives to work and support them
By what year did more Puerto Ricans live in New York than San Juan?
1960
By 1960, what percent of Americans had televisions?
87%