Political
-1862 law
- granted up to 160 of free land
-requirements: 1) live for 5 years, 2) cultivate or farm the land
What is the Homestead Act?
-Irish and Chinese Immigrants helped construct the railroad
-farmers moved goods at a cheaper rate
-encouraged western settlement
What is Transcontinental Railroad?
-known as 'Population Boom'
-economic opportunities for newly European arrivals
-mainly worked steel, farming, built skyscapers jobs
What is immigration?
-demand for beef was high
-cattle herds moved from Texas to northern states
-Vaqueros or Cowboys
-railroad refrigerated rail cars increased movement of shipping distance of beef
What is the Cattle Industry?
-Dawes Act of 1887
-overhunting of buffalo
-Plains Indian Wars
What is displacement of Native Americans?
-1887 law
-created the Interstate Commerce Commission
-purpose: regulate railroads
-regulate trade within state border crossings
What is Interstate Commerce Act?
-people who create, manage, and assume the risk of starting a new business
-example: Bill Gates (Microsoft)
-Oprah Winfrey
What are entrepreneurs?
-movement of people from rural to urban
-skyscrappers
-overcrowded tenements
-lack of basic utilities
What is urbanization?
-this area in the 1800s became diversified with many cultures
-Irish mainly worked the railroads
-Chinese mainly worked in the gold mines
-African-Americans became Homesteaders
What became known as The Wild West?
-Goal: to assimilate Native Americans into farmers
-broke up Native land into private sectors
-seizure of Native land
What is Dawes Act?
-1896 law
-Supreme Court upheld segregation
What is Plessy v. Fergusson?
-movement of people to the cities for labor in factories
-factories were unsafe
-low wages
-child labor
-limited opportunities for women within industrial jobs
What is urbanization?
Plessy v. Fergusson
-led to 'separate but equal'
-known as Jim Crow Laws
-led to less oil drilling
-provided lighting for the night and dark homes
-replaced kerosene lamps
What is electric light?
-shiny and bright surface wealth covering the corrupted events that occurred beneath it
-era around 1870's to 1900
-corrupting force of democracy
What is Gilded Age?
-egarians
-free coinage of silver
-graduated income tax
-direct election of U.S. Senators
-demands for more government control of business to protect consumers
-economic system
-government has little to no interference in the country's economy
What is laissez-faire?
-Goal: to make immigrants and indigenous more American by teaching English, dress style, and culture
What is Americanization/ Assimilation?
-known for its Morse Code
-wooden poles & cables built along cities and railroads to send communications
-invented by Samuel Morse in the 1830s
What is the Telegraph?
-investors by shares
-large # of investors by these from corporations
-limited risks involved
What are stocks?
-term used to describe political operation
-political boss
-corrupted leaders for campaigns benefit
What is political machine?
-private businesses set prices and production
-supply and demand
-business owners keep profits
-people make profits through work
What is Free Enterprise/ Capitalism?
-wealthy people donating money for the good of society
-libraries, and museums are some examples
What is philanthropy?
-human modification of land by placing rails
-led to increase of settlements
-connected the Eastern U.S. Coast to the Western U.S. Coast
What is Transcontinental Railroad?
-type of economic strategy that controls all raw materials; keeps costs low & increased profits
-type of economic strategy that controls competitors; monopoly owned businesses; buying out companies to set prices and production levels
What are horizontal and vertical integration?