Power? Absolutely!
This form of absolute government was dominant in Europe during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.
What is monarchy?
"Enlightenment" is best defined as...
Answers will be accepted on a case by case basis
Time period when people create new ideas about government (must include political philosophy specification)
“Hence, each man joins in society with others to preserve Life, Liberty, and Property.”
John Locke
Natural Rights
Locke's Consent of the Governed rejects Divine Right
Montesquieu's Separation of Power rejects Absolute Power
Which enduring issue is this?
Tradition replaced with Modern
This philosophical idea asserts that people are born with rights-they do not have to earn them.
What are natural rights?
Absolute power was often justified using this holy concept.
What is divine right?
The Enlightenment primarily impacted this continent
What is Europe?
“Political liberty is to be found only in moderate governments; and even in these it is not always found. It is there only when there is no abuse of power. But constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it.”
Montesquieu
Moderate governments, checks and balances, separation of powers
Absolute monarchs claimed divine right, but could not prevent disease, unhappiness, poverty.
Which enduring issue is this?
Use of power, Abuse of power
This philosophical idea states that power should be balanced between many people- not concentrated in one place.
What is separation of power?
The power of this church, resulting from its followers across the globe, reinforced divine right rule.
What is the Catholic Church?
The Enlightenment became a movement as a result of this technology, allowing Enlightenment ideas to spread
What is the printing press?
“In every government there are three sorts of power: the legislative; the executive in respect to things dependent on the law of nations; and the executive in regard to matters that depend on the civil law.”
Montesquieu
Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances
Rousseau comments on the economic state of France. The Third Estate pays 100% of the taxes, which have been raised to 50% of a commoner's income.
Which enduring issue is this?
Unfair distribution of wealth, unfair distribution of power, economic inequality
This philosophical idea proposes that governmental power comes from the people- it can be given and taken away
What is consent of the governed?
These two absolute monarchs, one from France and one from Russia, were called __________ XIV and _________ the Great
Who are Louis and Peter?
These three men are considered some of the most famous Enlightenment philosophers
Who are John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau?
“The Social Pact, far from destroying natural equality, substitutes, on the contrary, a moral and lawful equality for whatever physical inequality that nature may have imposed on mankind; so that however unequal in strength and intelligence, men become equal by covenant and by right.”
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract
The Enlightenment spreads via the printing press. Which enduring issue is this?
Impacts of innovation, use of technology for advancement, impacts of technology, use of technology
This philosophical idea says that the people will agree to give up some of their rights in exchange for protection and order.
What is the social contract?
Absolute monarchs supported their kingdoms and empires using this economic system, which involves exporting more than you import and exploiting colonies
What is mercantilism?
The Enlightenment was influenced by this previous time period, during which new ways of creating and proving theories were developed
What is the Scientific Revolution?
“[When] the legislature shall… grasp [for] themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over their lives, liberties, and estates… they forfeit [give up] the power the people had put into their hands for quite contrary ends, and it [passes] to the people, who have the right to resume their original liberty…”
John Locke
Consent of the Governed
Enlightenment ideas eventually inspire future revolutions and governments, like the United States. Which enduring issue is this?
Impact of innovation, new ideas lead to big change, political turning points result from popular ideas
This philosophical idea says that each separate power must have the ability to limit the power of another- that everyone should be 'checked' before they 'wreck' the nation
What are checks and balances?