Theodore Roosevelt
What volunteer cavalry unit made Roosevelt a national hero at the Battle of San Juan Hill?
The Rough Riders
One cause of the Spanish‑American War was protecting American business interests in which Caribbean island?
Cuba
The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to which earlier U.S. policy/diplomacy statement?
The Monroe Doctrine
Which event on June 28, 1914, is widely seen as the spark that started WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (and his wife) in Sarajevo.
What type of warfare created long, deadly stalemates on the Western Front?
Trench warfare
Name one conservation action Roosevelt supported as president (hint: related to land or animals).
creating national parks, establishing national forests, setting up wildlife refuges
What sensational style of journalism helped increase public support for the war?
Yellow Journalism
What did the Roosevelt Corollary claim the U.S. could do in Latin America?
It claimed that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to preserve order and protect American interests.
Name two major Allied Powers during most of WWI.
Examples: Britain and France (also the United States later, and Russia until 1917).
Name two new technologies or weapons used in WWI.
Examples: machine guns, tanks, airplanes, submarines (U-boats), barbed wire, chemical weapons (poison gas).
What is one progressive goal that Roosevelt supported?
improving public health (sanitation, food/drug regulation), regulating big business (trust-busting), protecting workers and consumers (labor regulations, safer products).
What event involving the USS Maine helped push the U.S. toward war?
The explosion/sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor
How did the Corollary warn European powers regarding the Western Hemisphere?
It warned European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere because the U.S. would act to keep order and prevent European intervention.
Why did the United States enter WWI? Give two reasons
Reasons: German unrestricted submarine warfare (attacks on ships, including those with Americans aboard) and the Zimmermann Telegram (a German proposal to Mexico to join against the U.S.); plus economic ties to the Allies.
What were President Wilson’s Fourteen Points intended to create after the war?
Wilson’s Fourteen Points were intended to create a just and lasting peace based on principles like self-determination, open diplomacy, and fewer secret alliances.
How did building the Panama Canal strengthen U.S. foreign policy and trade?
made trade faster by shortening travel time between oceans; allowed the U.S. Navy and merchant ships to move more quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific, increasing U.S. strategic and economic influence.
Name two territories the U.S. gained as a result of the war.
Puerto Rico and Guam; also the Philippines (the U.S. gained control of the Philippines).
Give one way the Roosevelt Corollary expanded U.S. authority in the Americas (example of an action or consequence).
The Corollary justified U.S. military or financial interventions in countries with debt or unrest (e.g., interventions in the Caribbean and Central America, sometimes establishing protectorates or controlling customs).
Who were the Central Powers? Name at least two.
Central Powers included Germany and Austria-Hungary (also the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria).
What major international organization did Wilson propose, which the U.S. Senate refused to join?
The League of Nations
Name one way Roosevelt expanded American naval power and why that mattered internationally.
He greatly expanded the U.S. Navy (building more battleships and a modern fleet) and promoted showing naval power abroad (the Great White Fleet). This mattered because it increased U.S. ability to protect trade routes, project power, and influence international affairs.
Describe the role and challenge African American soldiers like the 9th and 10th Cavalry faced during the war.
African American soldiers (including the 9th and 10th Cavalry) bravely fought and played key roles in battles but often faced racism, segregation, lack of recognition, and unequal treatment in the U.S. military and society.
Explain one long‑term criticism historians have about the Roosevelt Corollary and U.S. interventions.
One long-term criticism: It allowed or justified U.S. imperialism and interference in Latin American nations’ sovereignty, leading to resentment and strained relations.
Describe how African American units like the Harlem Hellfighters contributed to the war effort.
African American units (like the Harlem Hellfighters) served with distinction—fighting in combat, enduring hard conditions, and often serving longer at the front. They helped prove African Americans’ bravery and skill despite facing racial discrimination.
Explain one reason historians say the Treaty of Versailles helped set the stage for future conflict.
One reason: The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany with heavy reparations and territorial losses, which caused economic hardship and anger in Germany; many historians argue these conditions helped fuel resentment and extremism that led to World War II.