Political Theories Basics
What is a political theory?
A set of ideas or principles that explain how societies and governments function.
What are the three core tenets of Realism?
Statism, Survival, and Self-Help.
What do Liberals believe is the role of international institutions?
To promote cooperation and peace among states.
What is Universalism?
The belief in universal principles and values that apply to all societies, often linked to human rights.
What is the main characteristic of capitalism?
An economic system based on private ownership and free market competition.
Which political theory focuses on power, national interest, and self-help?
Realism.
Realism views the international system as inherently what?
Anarchic and competitive.
According to the Democratic Peace Theory, what type of states are less likely to go to war with each other?
Democracies.
What is Relativism?
The belief that values and practices should be understood in their cultural context, and no universal standard of judgment exists.
What motivates individuals in a capitalist system?
Profit motive and individual initiative.
Name two purposes of political theories in global politics.
Analyzing power dynamics and understanding social structures.
Which concept of Realism emphasizes that the state is the primary actor in international relations?
Statism.
Which concept of Liberalism suggests that economic interdependence reduces the likelihood of conflict?
Economic Interdependence.
What is one key challenge to Universalism?
Cultural differences make the implementation of universal values difficult.
Name one major challenge of capitalism.
Income inequality or environmental degradation.
What are the main differences between scientific theory and common parlance theory?
Scientific theory is based on empirical evidence and testing, while common parlance theory may be speculative or based on opinion.
How does the concept of "Self-Help" influence state behavior in Realism?
States must rely on their own resources and power for security, as no overarching authority guarantees safety.
What is a key challenge for Liberalism in maintaining international order?
Balancing individual liberty with security and equality.
What is one criticism of Relativism?
It can potentially justify harmful practices by arguing they are culturally acceptable.
How does capitalism influence political decisions?
Through lobbying, campaign financing, and corporate influence on policy.
Which theory challenges power structures and aims to empower marginalized groups?
Critical Theory.
Realism often contrasts with which other theory that emphasizes cooperation and international institutions?
Liberalism.
Which liberal organization helps facilitate international trade and cooperation?
The World Trade Organization (WTO).
What is a global example of the conflict between Universalism and Relativism?
The debate over human rights versus cultural practices, such as gender roles in different societies.
What is one argument for capitalism’s positive impact?
It promotes innovation, efficiency, and economic growth.