Theoretical grammar

Grammar

100

Is English an analytical or synthetic language?”

Analytical language:

• Uses word order and auxiliary words (like do, will, have) to show grammar

200

What do morphology and syntax study?”

Morphology-It is concerned with the structure of words and their relationship to other words 

Syntax-Syntax deals with the sentence, different types of sentence and their meanings.  

300

What is grammar and what's the difference between practical grammar and theoretical grammar?

1. Theoretical grammar-This is the study of grammar as a system.Focuses on rules, structures, and analysis.Explains how language works

2. Practical grammar-This is the use of grammar in real communication.Focuses on using grammar correctly in speaking and writing

400

Does the sentence ‘Is reading student the happy book a’   contain a syntagmatic or paradigmatic mistake?

 

“Is reading student the happy book a” contains a syntagmatic mistake.

These are relationships between words in a sentence (in a sequence).

• Words are connected because they go together in order

 

500

Explain the  lexical and grammatical meaning of the word "dog"

Lexical meaning

• Dog = a four-legged domestic animal, often kept as a pet

Grammatical meaning

• Dog is a singular noun

Linguistic notions

100

Explain the difference between an utterance and a sentence

an utterance is only spoken

a sentence can be spoken and written 

200

Explain the distinction between language and speech

Language is a collective body of knowledge, it is a set of basic elements, but these elements can form a great variety of combinations.

Speech is individual, personal while language is common for all individuals.

300

Are interjections notional words or functional words?

Notional words

400

What are the grammatical categories of nouns?

1.Number (singular\plural),

2.Case (possessive case)

500

The grammatical meaning can be explicit and implicit.

Give examples to explain 

cats,fish 

Morphology

100

what is the basic unit of the language system?

The word is the basic unit of the language system, t

200

“What are root morphemes and affixational morphemes?”

The main part of the word that carries the core meaning 

• book → root = book

Affixational morphemes (affixes) 

• Prefixes → before the root → un- in unhappy
• Suffixes → after the root → -ness in happiness

300

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400

What are the criteria of parts of speech?”

1. the meaning common to all the words of the given class (semantics)

2. the form with the morphological characteristics of a type of word (morphological) 

3. and the function in the sentence typical of all the words of this class (syntax)

500

“What does inflectional changing of a word mean?”

Inflection is the change in the form of a word to express its grammatical features, such as tense, number, case, person, or degree,

1. Nouns (number / case)

• dog → dogs → plural
• dog → dog’s → possessive

2. Verbs (tense / person / number)

• run → runs → ran → running

3. Adjectives (degree)

• happy → happier → happiest

Terms

100

What does "notion" mean?

Notion means a concept, idea, or mental representation of something.

200

What does "substance" mean?

1. Material / matter

• The physical material that something is made of

300

What does "inanimate" mean?

Inanimate means not alive; without life.

400

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500

What does the word "carnivore " mean?

an animal that eats meat