Theories
The theory that population growth is potentially exponential, while the growth of the food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a population decline.
What is Malthusian Theory of Population Growth?
Theory concluded that farm products would be grown in a series of concentric zones outward from the central marketplace and the cost of transporting different farm products to the city center determined the rural use of the land surrounding the city.
What is Von Thunen Agricultural Location Theory?
This model is based on the theory that all states transition through 5 stages that are based on markers including birth rate, death rate, and natural increase of population. The more industrialized and developed a state is, the later the stage it enters.
What is Demographic Transition Model?
The movement of people between two places is based on factors of population size and distance.
What is Gravity Model?
A type of thematic map which uses color variations to express geographic variation from a certain theme.
What is Choropleth Maps?
States are like living organisms that have life cycles (birth and death) and need "nourishment" in the form of acquiring less powerful states to survive. Without expansion, the state will die.
What is Organic Theory?
A revision to Malthus that describes food production will increase in conjunction to population growth because of innovation.
What is Ester Boserup’s Theory?
Linked to the DTM, in each stage there are different diseases that affect the population. This is related to living conditions, access to health care, and life expectancy.
What is Epidemiologic Transition Model?
A city layout where the lower class surrounds the transportation lines, while the higher classes begin in the central business district and radiate out.
What is Hoyt’s Sector Model?
A map that uses lines to connect point locations with similar values.
What is Isoline Maps?
Related to the Rimland Theory, it was argued that the key to global power is to rule the heartland Eurasia, which would be Eastern Europe / Russia.
What is Mackinder's Heartland Theory?
The relationship between core and periphery countries is related to industrial development. Core countries sell high profit goods to consumers in semi- and periphery countries (less developed). Meanwhile semi- and periphery countries contribute cheap labor and raw materials to produce the goods.
What is Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory?
Model to describe the types of migrations that occurs within a country depending on which demographic stage that country is in.
What is Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition?
The city formed around the central business district, but other CBDs that are smaller sprout in the outskirts of the city, creating multiple business nuclei.
What is Harris & Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model?
These maps use dots instead of lines, shapes and colors.
What is Dot Density Maps?
Related to the Heartland Theory, it was argued that the key to global power is to rule the rimland of Eurasia, which includes the UK, India, China.
What is Spykman's Rimland Theory?
Basically, the core countries depend on the periphery for labor and raw materials while the periphery depend on the core for goods.
What is Dependency Theory?
This model can be applied at different scales and describes the relationship between countries that "have", or the core countries, and those that are "have nots," the periphery. The core countries rely on labor from periphery countries.
What is Core-Periphery Model?
A model that suggests all countries go through five stages of economic development, starting from traditional society and progressing to high mass consumption.
What is Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth?
A type of thematic map that uses linear symbols to represent movement between locations.
What is Flow-line Maps?
From the Cold War, this theory stated that if one country "fell" to Communism, all of the surrounding countries would also fall. Therefore, it was necessary for democratic countries to contain the spread of Communism so that others would not fall.
What is Domino Theory?
Industries are located where the transportation costs of raw materials to the factory and the finished product to the market are at a minimum. If raw materials are heavier than the finished product, the factory would be located closer to the location of the materials. If the finished product is more costly to transport than the materials, the industry would be located closer to the market.
What is Weber’s Least Cost Theory?
It describes the layout of a city and where people live. In the center of the city is the business district, which is surrounded by layers of industry and residential areas with the most wealth residing furthest away from the center. As the working class moves toward the center, the higher classes move out and commute in.
What is Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model?
A collection of many languages all of which come from the same original tongue but as evolve as the language diffused from the original hearth.
What is Language Tree?
Maps in which the geometry or size of a region is distorted in order to convey some variable.
What is Cartograms?