Why Bilinguals Are Smarter?
It is said that being bilingual can shield against this disease in old age?
Dementia
What is passive bilingualism?
When a child understands both languages but speaks the majority of one?
The effect of age of learning on language and cognition is called
Critical Period Hypothesis
What does CALP stand for?
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was updated in 2002 from which previous law?
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 1964
Studies have shown that people who fall under this category perform better than monolinguals at tasks that do not require inhibition?
Bilinguals
__________ ___________ is the best method for fostering language.
Human interaction.
Bilinguals are better ____________ thinkers than monolinguals because they have more words to describe objects/ideas and make associations.
divergent
What is linguistic interdependence?
"Both languages bolster each other in the student's acquisition of language and knowledge."
What does NYSITELL stand for and in what year did it begin to go in to effect?
New York State Identification Test for English Language Learners, effective as of 2014.
The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age. True or False?
True
According to this article, De Houwer summarizes the link between bilingualism and language delay as...
"There is no scientific evidence to date that hearing two or more languages leads to delays or disorders in language acquisition."
_______________ ______________ is an example of Bilinguals having heightened ability to perceive the social nature and communicative functions of a language.
Communicative sensitivity
What is a skill that a bilingual student will gain while learning another language?
Receptive skill
What is additive bilingualism? What is subtractive bilingualism?
Additive bilingualism: in which the first language continues to be developed, while the second language is added
Subtractive bilingualism: the second language is added and the first language is diminished, as a consequence.
This is the basic key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals
A heightened ability to monitor the environment
"Bilingualism contributes to the strengthening of cognitive skills for some children and should be viewed as an overall indicator of greater intelligence or as a predictor of high academic performance."
True or False?
False.
"Bilingualism may contribute to the strengthening of some specific cognitive skills for some children but it should not be viewed as an overall indicator of greater intelligence or as a predictor of high academic performance."
These neuroimaging techniques help us see where things are happening in the brain by measuring changes in the blood flow in certain areas of the brain.
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography)
What are the types of dynamic bilingualism?
1) Dynamic Bilingualism
2) Recursive Dynamic Bilingualism
In the article 'Educating Language Minority Students... ' by Kenji Hakuta, "___________ ___________ cognitive and social growth, competitiveness in a global marketplace, national security, and understanding of diverse peoples and cultures."
"Bilingualism enhances cognitive and social growth, competitiveness in a global marketplace, national security, and understanding of diverse peoples and cultures."
In a 2004 study by these psychologists, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into 2 digital bins. Who were these psychologist? (1st names accepted)
Ellen Bialystok and Michelle Martin-Rhee
According to the article, researchers have founds that that to reverse the narrowing process in infants, _________ is more effective than ____________.
Live interaction is more effective than exposure to recorded sounds.
logical-mathematical; verbal-linguistic; visual-spatial; musical-rythmical; bodily-kinesthetic; naturalist; interpersonal; intrapersonal
intelligence
Based on the readings, what are the 5 characteristics that result in greater creativity in bilingual students?
1) flexible mind
2) problem-solving mind
3) metalinguistic mind
4) a learning mind
5) interpersonal mind
What are 3 benefits of being a bilingual student?
Answers vary.