Theoretical Perspectives
A theoretical perspective that aims to describe how individuals attain, organize, and use knowledge pertaining to the world around them.
Cognitive
According to the structural model of the mind, the mind is made up of these three interacting parts.
Id, Ego, Superego
According to cognitive theory, what is the main driver of behavior?
Thoughts or Cognitions
Erikson was interested in an individual's growth and development throughout the lifespan, impacted by resolution of certain stage-specific tasks. He is known for his _______________________ stage theory.
This theory has its origins in psychodynamic theory. It proposes that the quality of our early relationships is crucial to our lifelong capacity to engage in health relationships and even to enjoy basic physical health.
Attachment theory
This theory/perspective focuses on how an individual’s personality develops and how their behavior is influenced by expectations, norms, and duties that people must fulfill based on their specific social positions.
Role Theory
These are unconscious strategies that people use to protect themselves from difficult feelings or thoughts.
Defense Mechanisms
According to operant conditioning, this is a consequence that is used to STRENGTHEN (increase) a given behavior.
Reinforcement
Kohlberg, among others, developed theories that explored the sequential changes in individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to the principles, rules, and values that direct what they SHOULD do. These are theories of what kind of development?
Moral
In a multidimensional approach to human behavior, these are considered the four key dimensions
Bio(logical), Psycho(logical), Social, Spiritual
This perspective emphasizes the internal processes (Needs, Drives, Emotions) that motivate human behavior
Pychodynamic
According to Freud, we are primarily motivated to satisfy our basic __________________. We experience positive emotions when our ______________ are gratified and negative emotions when they are frustrated.
Drives (Instincts)
These are the cognitive or mental structures by which individuals adapt to and organize their environments (making sense of information.)
Schema
In his theory of faith development, this theorist suggested that when adults reach the highest levels of development, they see truth as complex and have a deep commitment to social justice.
Fowler
In systems theory, this is the concept that indicates the extent to which a system interacts with its surrounding environment and other systems.
Boundaries
Perspective that focuses on learning and the ways in which the actions we take are shaped by precursory conditions and consequences
Behaviorism
This psychodynamic perspective gives primary attention to the rational part of the mind and the human capacity for adaptation
Ego psychology
This term refers to the process of learning on the basis of association, moving from an unconditioned response to a given stimulus to a conditioned response.
Classical Conditioning
Maslow theorized that all people are striving for this, which is the natural, inherent tendency of people to express their innate potentials for love, creativity, and spirituality
Self-actualization
This is defense mechanism in which people attribute their own undesirable traits on to other people
Projection
A theoretical perspective interested in the arrangement of and relations between parts which connect them into a whole.
Systems Theory
Freud developed one of the first stage theories of human development. What was it called?
Psychosexual Stage Theory
As a consequence for hitting his classmate, recess is taken away from Timmy for the day. According to operant conditioning, this is called a . . .
Negative Punishment
In this final stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory, people are more able to think abstractly, transcend the concrete situation, and think about the future.
Formal Operational Stage
This is the name the characterizes the cyclical nature of systems, in which a system’s output provides information that affects new inputs
Feedback Loop