8 Factors
He proposed this theory of 8 factors to explain social distance
Who is Schumann?
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What is no language acquisition?
Argued that language learners need the opportunity for output after noting students in French immersion classes
Who is Swain?
Proposed a theory of teaching grammar to English language learners that identifies three approaches that are widely used
Who is Derewianka?
The learner group is self-sufficient and doesn't need to interact with members fo the target culture in daily activities
What is enclosure?
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What is incomprehensible noise?
Output requires us to string sentences together, a language skill called
What is syntax?
Teaching grammar rules explicitly and requires students to practice with decontextualized exercises
What is language as structure?
Social distance is increased when the learner group has negative ---- towards members of the target-language culture
What is attitude?
In order for acquisition to take place, learners must receive input that is
What is slightly beyond their current ability level?
Output allows for meaningful ---- use for the second language
What is context-embedded?
Teaches only a few grammar rules that students can use to monitor output
What is language as mental faculty?
What is social dominance?
According to Krashen, ---- is the source of all acquired language?
What is comprehensible input?
Output places more emphasis on the interaction that takes place in
What is two-way communication?
Following a curriculum cycle, teaches grammar forms and functions through modeling, joint construction, and individual practice
What is language as functional resource?
Social distance is greatest when there is limited ---- between two cultures
What is integration pattern?
Only input leads to acquisition, so output like ---- does not contribute to acquisition
What is speaking or writing?
Students can only reach native-like proficiency when
What is practicing output?
Grammar teaching is limited in this theory because of belief that direct teaching has little or no effect on language acquisition
What is Krashen's theory of language acquisition?