Models of stress and coping
Stress
Theory of Hardiness
Theory of Sense of Coherence
Social Network, Social Support, and Optimism
100
Name one of the models of stress and coping
response-based
event-based
transactional
100
what is stress?
Stress is our body’s response to any change in the body, mind, and behaviors that requires an adjustment or response.
100
What is the Theory of Hardiness?
Being psychologically ‘hardy’ can protect you against the negative effects of stress
100
What is Theory of Sense of Coherence?
The concept of sense of coherence was a theory by Aaron Antonovsky in 1979. It is a coping mechanism that allows people to deal with life stressors by understanding and reflecting on stressful situations. Individuals are able to view the world and their environment in a different way and change their perspective of life that has a positive influence on health.
100
what is social network
Social network are all the relationships that an individual has in his or hers life.
200
What is response based-theory?
Model emphasizing role of responses emerging from stress
200
What are the 4 stress factors
Physical stressors
Psychological stressors
Psychosocial stressors
Psychospiritual stressors
200
Identify the 3 C's of hardiness
Control- We can perceive how we want to take on the world. We are mentally, physically, and spiritually in control of what I want to get out of life, what I believe to feel is right, and what matters to me. Distinguishing between what you can and cannot control, then we can decreasing the likelihood of breakdowns and illness.
Commitment- Being able to follow through to conclusion and reach goals regardless of the situation.
Challenge- Using the stressor or challenge as an opportunity to grow rather than treating it like a threat or something to be dreaded.
200
Identify the three factors
Comprehensibility-The extent of the belief that the problem faced is clear
Manageability- the extent of the belief that necessary resources to successfully cope with the problem are available
Meaningfulness- the extent of the belief that one wishes to cope
200
Name the 4 types of social support
Four types of social support, emotional, instrumental, informative and appraisal support.
300
Strength of Event-based Model
Clarifies stressors
Introduces the notion of coping (or dealing with environmental events)
Explains a multiplicity of stressors
300
Who was the first to define stress?
Walter Cannon
300
What is the differences between Type A and Type B Personality Theory
Stress prone personalities
Competitive
Type A: Time Conscious
Controlling
Impatient
Hostile and aggressive
Achievement oriented
Type B:
Stress resistant personalities
Relaxed
No time urgency
Patient
Being cooperative
Easy going
Work steadily
300
What applications can this theory be used in according to the Book ?
300
What role does social media have on social support?
i.e Social media plays a big role now to help build and use social support. Many people now use social media as a way to contact friends or find solutions to everyday life problems. These can includes such things like Facebook, instagram, or any other platform used to as a way to communicate. There are risk to using social media because not all the information posted are reliable. Some things can be misinterpreted, misleading, and sometimes harmful. SO precaution so be use at all times when using social media as a source.
400
Weakness of Transactional Model?
coping
No acknowledgment of personality characteristics
No inclusion of physiological mechanisms
400
Negative effects of stress
Dizziness
Headaches
Indigestion or acid reflux symptoms
General aches and pains
Tiredness, exhaustion
Upset stomach, diarrhea
Trembling, shaking
Sexual difficulties
400
What ways can the Theory of Hardiness be use in Developing Health Education Programs
Reducing college life stress
Qualitative study of hardiness of hospice nurses
Modeling abuse behaviors and women's health
Qualitative study of elderly patients with diabetes
400
How can Theory of Sense of Coherence be use in Developing Health Education Programs
Coping for family caregivers living with people who have dementia
Health coaching for adult patients with Type 2 diabetes
400
What is optimism in relations to stress?
Optimism is looking at the brighter side of any situation. Studies linked optimism to better coping and better health.
500
Four stages of Transactional Model
1. stressor
2. primary Appraisal
3. secondary appraisal
4. coping
5. Reappraisal
500
Positive effects of stress
Motivation
Alertness
Survival/sympathetic NS:
“Fight or Flight”
Quicken pulse
Breathe faster
Muscles tighten
Brain increases activity
500
Strength of Theory of Hardiness
Hardiness functions as a stress resistance resource in buffering the effects of a variety of stressful events. This provides individuals with the ability to use coping skills more effectively, management, and act with higher cognitive focus
Many studies have been done and were found effective in different populations. This can apply to the relevance to nursing and in military training
500
Strengths of this theory
Resistance resources can aid resistance to stressors and their effective deployment. Griffiths et al. (2011) shares that these resources can be “physical (e.g., a strong physique, strong immune system, genetic strengths), artefactual (e.g. money, food, power), cognitive (e.g.,intelligence, education, adaptive strategies for coping), emotional(e.g., emotional intelligence), social (e.g., support from friends and/or family), or macrosocial (e.g., culture and shared belief systems).”
Strengthening social factors like peer to peer support when learning, community social support, friendly and supportive environments
500
What is the positive and negative effects of social network and support?
Positive: Social network and social supports can be useful to lower stress levels
Naturally formed
A support system
Buffers effects of stressors
Shields negative consequences
Social media
Far distance communication
Negative:
If a person does not have a strong or healthy relationship with their social support
Stressed
Social media
Can be misleading or unintended
influence they way people think or behave a certain way. With the wrong information, a person health can be affected and at time, more stressed.