Paradigms
biomedical view that focuses on fixing concrete
problems through diagnosis and prescription
1970- shift to regroup and refine the domain of occupational therapy
What is Mechanistic paradigm (1950s-70s)?
founded as NSPOT (National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy Major Paradigm: Habit Training - Use of Crafts to provide distraction from medical or psychological conditions and develop meaningful occupations (proposed by Eleanor Clarke Slagle)
What is 1917?
Psychoanalytic and Sensory Motor frames of reference emerge; Margaret Rude
develops early techniques for reflex and voluntary movement
Many new models arise, including the Ecological Model (idea that clients and therapists each bring their own experiences and perceptions into therapy, and help shape the structure and outcomes of therapy); Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) leads to an increased need for OTs; professional level raised to require a Master’s degree
What is 1990s?
Anne wilcox definition: encapsulates the active process of shaping the contexts of the self, competence, and social-being through what we do
What is becoming?
finding the middle ground b/w being specific and measurable enough for reimbursement and yet broad enough to cover all the domains OTs can practice in.
What is New Emerging Paradigm (1980s - Present?
Reconstruction Aide’s sent to France to provide “diversion from pain and situation” to soldiers fighting in the First World War
What is 1918?
social security income (Medicare and Medicaid) for people w/ disabilities directed funds
toward occupational therapy
what is 1965?
AOTA practice framework created; growth of community-based programs and family-centered care
What is 2000s-present?
OT directs and knows what to expect for the level of change for the client
What is therapist as expert?
occupations shape our lives by using daily
activities to structure how we spend our time & create a normal pattern of
activity, within social and physical environments
What is Paradigm of Occupation (1900s - 1940s)?
renamed AOTA
What is 1921?
AOTA worked to distinguish OT by focusing largely on sensory integration; unified practice through uniform terminology; many frames of reference developed (instead of a single model of treatment)
What is 1970s?
When did we first start being reimbursed for our services and by what sources?
What is.....1940s - GI Bill for returning veterans provided government funding for OT services
1965 social security income (Medicare and Medicaid) for people w/ disabilities directed funds toward occupational therapy
OT works with the client to equally contribute to the therapy process
What is Therapist as Partner?
Paradigm: Biomechanical & Behavior Modification - behavior mods reinforce desirablebehaviors (often used in mental health facilities to promote healthy/successful living)
What is 1930s?
Education for Handicapped Children Act (later revised and signed in as ‘IDEA’ in 1990) moved more OTs into schools
What is 1975?
the client is the expert, and directs the therapy (has greater input than in partnership, while still taking input from OT’s knowledge)
What is Therapist as Client-Centered Practioner?
shift toward the medical model; focus on vocational rehab for returning soldiers - GI Bill
facilitated payment for OT services
WHat is 1940?
Medicaid revises to include home health care from OTs to be a qualifying service; issues with validity of the field lead to creating standardized assessments; move away from medical model and toward the holistic model
What is 1980s?
"being true to ourselves, to our nature, to our essence, and to what is distinctive about us to bring to others as part of our relationships and to what we do. To ‘be’ in this sense requires that people have time to discover themselves, to think, to reflect and, to simply exist”-Wilcox
What is Being?