Evolution 101
Random
Probability RULES
Drivers of evolution
Genetics
100
The process in which a species has changed over time is known as this.
What is evolution?
100
What is a species
Organisms that can reproduce viable offspring
100
What is allele frequency?
How often a version of a trait appears in a population
100
What is variation?
Differences between individuals of the same species
100
What molecule carries information about an organisms traits?
DNA
200
Name one evidence of evolution
analagous structures, homologous structures, similar embryos, fossils, DNA analysis
200
What is a population
individuals of the same species living in the same area
200
If there are 10 labs, and 3 are chocolate colored what is the frequency of chocolate labs in the population
3 chocolate labs/ 10 total labs= 0.30
200
What is one source of variation in a population?
Mutation, migration(gene flow), sexual reproduction
200
What is a change in a DNA sequence called?
mutation
300
Any inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of survival is known as this.
An adaption
300
A species of squid grow bigger over time, propose one possible explanation for this.
Many answers, loss of competition, increased food source, decreases predation, helps with thermoregulation, sexual selection, etc
300
You know that yellow coats are homozygous recessive (q2) with a frequency of 0.75. How could you find the allelic frequency of the recessive allele? (q)
Find the square root of 0.75
300
Name a force that acts on variation to cause changes in gene frequencies?
Genetic drift, natural selection
300
What is an allele?
A version of a trait
400
Evolutionists believe that similar orgamisms evolved from a(n)
A common ancestor
400
What factors could make two populations more different over time?
Selection (sexual, natural), gene flow, genetic drift, mutations, allopatric speciation, sympatric speciation, etc
400
If the frequency of the dominant allele (P) is 0.4 what is q? P+Q=1
0.4 +Q=1
- 0.4 -0.4
Q = 0.6
400
Give an example of a post-zygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation
The offspring is sterile, the zygote is not viable
400
What name is given to an individual whos genotype is Hh
Heterozygous
500
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring?
What is Natural Selection?
500
Multicellular heterotrophs who can move (mostly) are part of which kingdom?
Animals
500
How do you find the average of a data set (ex 5, 5, 6, 4)
Sum the data and divide by the sample size (# of data points)
(5+5+6+4)/4= 5
500
What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
Allopatric speciation involves a geological barrier causing the species to diverge and sympatric happens within the same habitat
500
What is the scientific name for when the genetic material in an egg and sperm combine
fertilization
600
When an organism completely dies out.
What is Extinction?
600
what type of organism was the most recent common ancestor of ALL living things
A prokaryote, bacteria
600
If P^2 represents the homozygous dominant individuals, q^2 represents the homozygous recessive individuals, 2pq represents what?
Heterozygotes
600
What is natural selection?
Differences in survival based on how well traits are adapted to the environment
600
What molecule does DNA code for?
Proteins
700
When one species changes into two or more different species
Speciation
700
Which species would you expect to have the most DNA in common with Gibbons
700
You know that yellow coats are homozygous recessive (q2) with a frequency of 0.75. How could you find the allelic frequency of the dominant allele (P). P+Q=1
1. Find Q by finding the square root of q^2
2. Plug Q into the equation P+Q=1 and solve for P
Ex: Q= sqr rt of 0.75=0.866
P+0.866=1
-0.866 -0.866
P= 0.134
700
What is the outcome of two species continuing to diverge?
Speciation, they split into two species
700
How many copies of DNA does a human somatic or body cells have?
2