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Darwin & friends
Darwin's hypothesis
Evidence for Evolution
Evolution & Genetics
Process of Speciation
100
Hutton and Lyell both published ideas about the physical processes and forces that have shaped the Earth up until present day, and were both THIS type of scientist.
What is a geologist?
100
Darwin realized that the struggle for existence meant that an organism was suited to its environment, in an idea called survival of THIS.
What is the fittest?
100
This term describes a widely-held scientific belief, (such as evolution), supported by significant evidence, facts, observations, and data.
What is a theory?
100
This is the term for all genes, including all alleles, that are present in a population of a species.
What is a gene pool?
100
As new species evolve, this happens to two populations when they can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What is reproductive isolation?
200
Naturalist Lamarck had a hypothesis that the use of certain organs during a lifetime, would result in THESE being passed on to the next generation.
What are traits?
200
Darwin believed that fitness is the result of THIS, which is a trait that is genetically inherited and increases the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
200
This type of evolutionary evidence was discovered by observing the remains of ancient life and finding that different layers of rock (where this evidence was found) formed at different times.
What is the fossil record?
200
The term used when traits are caused by two or more genes.
What are polygenic traits?
200
This type of isolating mechanism happens when two populations of a species have different mating rituals or behaviors.
What is behavioral isolation?
300
Economist Malthus reasoned that THIS was controlled from being unchecked by factors like war, famine, and disease.
What is population growth (of a species)?
300
THIS term is another name for the process called "survival of the fittest", and refers to the fact that only some individuals in a population survive and produce offspring.
What is natural selection?
300
One of the following is NOT considered evidence for the theory of evolution: similarities in embryos, similarities in body structures, distribution of life in similar environments, and individual organisms developing certain traits within their lifetime
What is organisms developing certain traits within their lifetime (such as muscles)?
300
This is one of the two main causes of genetic variation in populations, the other being genetic shuffling in meiosis.
What is mutations?
300
This type of isolating mechanism occurs when two populations of similar species that live near each other reproduce at different times of the year.
What is temporal isolation?
400
In 1859, this publication by Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for the process of evolution.
What is On the Origin of Species?
400
In his book "On the Origin of Species", Darwin proposed THIS principle that each living species has descended (with changes) from other species over millions of years.
What is descent with modification or common descent?
400
Darwin first noticed that similar animals in different locations on Earth were likely the product of one common descendent, which is THIS type of evidence.
What is geographic distribution of living things?
400
This process affects changes in both allele frequencies and in phenotypes, both of which may vary individual fitness.
What is natural selection?
400
This type of isolating mechanism is caused by physical land barriers, such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water.
What is geographic isolation?
500
This naturalist, a contemporary of Darwin, also summarized ideas about evolutionary change around the same time.
Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?
500
This is the name of the branching diagram that Darwin drew, which showed a link between all living things through speciation.
What is the tree of life?
500
This type of evolutionary evidence regards the similarities of anatomical parts (like wings, arms, legs, and flippers) of animals with backbones.
What is homologous body structures?
500
This type of polygenic trait selection is against both extreme phenotypes in a population, and results in a bell-shaped curve that is more narrow and highest in the middle range
What is stabilizing selection?
500
One of these does NOT contribute to or cause speciation to begin: genetic drift, lack of competition for resources, mutations, reproductive isolation.
What is lack of competition for resources?