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What is the main difference between translation and interpretation?
Translation refers to written text, while interpretation refers to oral speech. Translation focuses on written language transfer, but interpretation involves real-time spoken communication.
What is substitution in translation?
Replacing a word with another word that better fits the target language.
What does pragmatics study?
Pragmatics studies how context contributes to meaning in communication.
Why is subject-matter knowledge important when translating scientific, technical, and business documents?
Because these documents contain industry-specific terminology, precise concepts, and specialized processes. Without understanding the subject matter, a translator may misinterpret key terms or instructions, leading to inaccurate or even dangerous translations.
How many types of advertisement translation are there?
Literal, localisation and transcreation
What are the three types of code switching described in the semiotic approach?
1. Intralinguistic translation – rewording within the same language (e.g., paraphrasing).
2. Interlanguage translation – switching from one language to another (e.g., English → Uzbek).
3. Intersemiotic translation – converting verbal signs.
What is generalization in translation?
Using a word with a wider meaning in the target language.
What is one key element of the pragmatic aspect of translation?
One key element is the communicative function and intention.
What is the primary textual genre used in scientific, technical, and business translations, and why?
The primary genre is informative and functional. These texts aim to convey information accurately and clearly—such as data, instructions, agreements, or procedures. They are not meant for entertainment but for practical use, so precision and clarity are essential.
Don't focus on ingredients". This is one of the important tips for effective menu translation. Is it True or False?
False
Give example of faithul translation?
What is the difference between linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects in translation?
What is specification in translation?
Using a word with a narrower, more specific meaning in the target language.
Can you count the types of phraseological units?
Phraseological fusions ( idioms)
Phraseological unities
Phraseological combinations
Phraseological expressions
What type of text is common in technical manuals and protocols, and what is the main translation challenge for this type?
Technical manuals and protocols often use instructive texts (step-by-step guidance). The main challenge is maintaining clarity and accuracy in instructions—ensuring the translated steps are easy to follow, logically ordered, and free of ambiguity.
How many types of oral translation are there?
3 types: sight, consecutive and simultaneous translation
What is the difference between linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects in translation?
Linguistic aspects relate to language structure (grammar, vocabulary, syntax), while extra-linguistic aspects involve culture, history, social factors, and background knowledge needed to understand the text fully.
What are partial grammatical correspondences?
When two languages have similar but not fully identical grammatical categories.
How many types of advertisement translation are there?
Literal, localisation and transcreation
What problem arises when translating archaic or obsolete language in epic texts?
Epic texts often use old or classical language that is no longer used today. Translators must choose whether to keep the archaic tone—risking confusion for modern readers—or modernize it, which can change the original epic flavor.
Sight translation is ...
It involves reading a written text in one language silently and simultaneously speaking the content aloud in another language.
What does “balancing fidelity and fluency” mean in translation?
It means staying faithful to the original meaning (fidelity) while making the translation sound natural and smooth in the target language (fluency).
What are complete grammatical correspondences?
When two languages have the same grammatical category with the same meaning.
How many types of oral translation are there?
3 types: sight, consecutive and simultaneous translation
Why is humor and wordplay especially difficult to translate in dramatic and poetic works?
Humor and wordplay rely on double meanings, puns, or cultural references that rarely exist in the target language. Translators may need to recreate the humor creatively, which can alter the original wording or intention.
What is Gist translation?
It refers to translating a text in a way that conveys its main point or essence without focusing on every single detail.