Intro Concepts
The ability of the neuromuscular system, using muscle synergistically, to hold a body segment in a stationary position is the definition of:
A. balance
B. neuromuscular control
C. postural control
D. stability
D. stability
Which of the following is a contraindication to implementing resistance exercise?
A. Risk of pathological fracture due to osteoporosis
B. Joint instability
C. Acute pain or inflammation
D. Muscle soreness that occurs after a bout of exercise
C. Acute pain or inflammation
Individuals with somatosensory deficits in the lower extremities, such as peripheral polyneuropathies, tend to use which of the following motor strategies in response to balance disturbances?
A. Ankle strategy
B. Hip strategy
C. Stepping strategy
D. Suspensory strategy
B. Hip strategy
Which of the following surgical approaches for conventional total hip arthroplasty is associated with the highest risk of postoperative hip dislocation if the hip flexes (passively or actively) beyond 80° to 90° during the early postoperative weeks?
A. Lateral
B. Anterolateral
C. Posterolateral
D. All approaches pose an equally high risk.
C. Posterolateral
Your uncle called you last night after playing three games in a softball tournament yesterday. He indicated that late in the third game while trying to stretch a double into a triple, he felt a sudden sharp pain in his calf, which significantly interfered with his ability to continue running. He is able to move his foot “up and down”, but both motions are painful. He is also able to walk if he “takes it slow.” From the information your uncle gave you and the fact that he is a 42-year-old weekend warrior, your preliminary hypothesis is that your uncle may have sustained a(n):
A. Fracture of the tibia.
B. Achilles tendon rupture.
C. Plantaris rupture.
D. Syndesmosis injury.
B. Achilles tendon rupture.
Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which of these terms describes the problems an individual may experience with involvement in life situations such as self-care, workplace responsibilities, or social activities?
A. activity limitations
B. body function impairments
C. environmental factors
D. participation restrictions
D. participation restrictions
Each of the following is an indication that muscle fatigue is occurring when a patient is exercising against resistance except:
A. Muscular tremor occurring during the exercise.
B. A gradual increase in temperature (sensation of warmth) in the exercising muscles.
C. The patient may not be able to complete the available range of motion (ROM) against the initial level of resistance applied.
D. The patient may attempt to use a substitute motion and muscle group to perform the exercise.
B. A gradual increase in temperature (sensation of warmth) in the exercising muscles.
Which of the following terms is defined as “the sway boundaries in which an individual can maintain equilibrium without changing his/her base of support”?
A. Center of mass
B. Limits of stability
C. Limits of pressure
D. Center of gravity
B. Limits of stability
A patient had an anterior surgical approach total hip replacement. Which of the following hip precaution positions is appropriate and unique to an anterior approach versus a posterolateral or lateral approach following surgery?
A. hip adduction
B. hip external rotation
C. hip flexion greater than 90 degrees
D. hip internal rotation
B. hip external rotation
Which of the following special tests may be used to confirm or rule out a rupture of the Achilles tendon during a patient’s physical examination?
A. Thompson test
B. Anterior drawer of the ankle
C. Talar tilt test
D. Test for Homan’s sign
A. Thompson test
Activities such as walking or ascending stairs (tasks that involve repetitive movements with no distinct beginning or end) are examples of which type of motor tasks?
A. continuous tasks
B. discrete tasks
C. repetitive tasks
D. serial tasks
A. continuous tasks
It has been shown that after performing resistance exercise to the point of exhaustion, recovery from exercise (recovery from fatigue) occurs most efficiently if:
A. The fatigued muscle rests completely during recovery.
B. Cold is applied to the fatigued muscle.
C. The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle.
D. The muscle is passively stretched during recovery.
C. The patient performs low-intensity, active exercise using the fatigued muscle.
The center of gravity in most adult humans is located slightly:
A. Posterior to the L2 vertebra.
B. Posterior to the S2 vertebra.
C. Anterior to the L2 vertebra.
D. Anterior to the S2 vertebra.
D. Anterior to the S2 vertebra.
Weight bearing exercises can trigger strong contractions of both the gluteus maximus and the gluteus medius. Which of these would primarily isolate and generate a strong gluteus medius contraction?
A. lateral band walk
B. single limb dead lift
C. single limb wall slide
D. transverse lunge
A. lateral band walk
Which of these arthritis-related forefoot deformities involves a lateral shifting of the great toe proximal phalanx, as well as the lateral shifting of the flexor and extensor muscles, leading to bone hypertrophy and a painful bunion?
A. hallux rigidus
B. hallux valgus
C. hallux varus
D. hammer toe
B. hallux valgus
When choosing the type of practice for motor learning, which of these practice types specifically involves the same task or series of tasks performed in the same conditions and in a predictable order?
A. blocked-order practice
B. part practice
C. physical practice
D. random-order practice
A. blocked-order practice
What is the most appropriate intensity range for resistance training for most healthy adults?
A. 30 to 40% of the repetition maximum
B. 40 to 70% of the repetition maximum
C. 70 to 80% of the repetition maximum
D. 80 to 90% of the repetition maximum
B. 40 to 70% of the repetition maximum
During an examination of a patient who has a history of episodic falls, you observe the patient performing functional tasks to determine how she loses her balance. You note that the patient becomes unsteady whenever she picks up objects from the floor or reaches for objects in a kitchen cupboard. These findings most likely indicate a control deficit in:
A. Anticipatory balance.
B. Reactive balance.
C. Static balance.
D. Sensory organization.
A. Anticipatory balance.
Which of the following signs and symptoms in the hip region and/or lower extremity is most consistent with the finding associated with trochanteric bursitis?
A. Pain along the lateral aspect of the hip joint and possibly along the lateral thigh and knee to the insertion of the iliotibial band; pain typically worsens during long periods of asymmetrical standing with more weight shifted to the involved side
B. Pain that becomes evident during extended periods of sitting, with most pain experienced in the buttock region over the ischial tuberosities
C. Groin and anterior thigh pain that becomes evident or is aggravated during activities that require repetitive hip flexion
D. Groin pain at rest that increases with weight bearing coupled with a positive Trendelenburg sign and pain with hip abduction
A. Pain along the lateral aspect of the hip joint and possibly along the lateral thigh and knee to the insertion of the iliotibial band; pain typically worsens during long periods of asymmetrical standing with more weight shifted to the involved side
Your patient presents with anterior shin pain and inflammation after running his first half marathon. Which of the following impairments would you be least likely to find during your assessment to confirm anterior shin splints?
A. Weakness of the anterior tibialis
B. Hypomobility of the gastrocnemius/soleus complex
C. Pain with passive dorsifexion and overpressure.
D. Excessive foot pronation
C. Pain with passive dorsifexion and overpressure.
Which type of feedback provides information about the average performance of several repetitions of a motor skill?
A. delayed feedback
B. postresponse feedback
C. summary feedback
D. terminal feedback
C. summary feedback
A patient has a 10-repetition maximum (RM) of 20 pounds. The exercise program that they are performing begins with 10 repetitions with a 20-pound weight, followed by 10 repetitions with a 15-pound weight, and then finishes with 10 repetitions with a 10-pound weight. Which type of progressive resistive exercise (PRE) program is this patient following?
A. a daily adjustable progressive resistive exercise (DAPRE) program
B. a DeLorme progressive resistive exercise program
C. a multi-station, multi-machine circuit training program
D. an Oxford progressive resistive exercise program
D. an Oxford progressive resistive exercise program
Mrs. S is a 65-year-old woman with a history of falling due to episodic loss of balance. The medical diagnosis is “balance disorder.” Which of the following tests is the best choice to administer to determine whether Mrs. S has a fear of falling?
A. Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale
B. Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment
C. Berg Balance Test
D. Functional Reach Test
A. Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale
Which of these range limiting stretching techniques will help to increase hip flexion?
A. kneeling fencers stretch
B. press-ups in prone
C. short sitting stretch
D. Thomas Test stretch
C. short sitting stretch
Your patient has regained normal strength (5/5) and ROM during rehabilitation following a traumatic injury that severely stressed several ligaments and joints of the ankle. He continues to have poor control while walking on gravel or other uneven surfaces. To address this problem, your exercise program should focus on:
A. Strengthening exercises for the invertor and evertor muscles of the ankle using elastic resistance.
B. Stretching the invertor and evertor muscles of the ankle.
C. Performing progressive balance training with closed-chain disturbed balance activities on a rocker/balance board.
D. Practicing walking on uneven surfaces while wearing a custom-made ankle/foot orthosis that controls inversion and eversion.
C. Performing progressive balance training with closed-chain disturbed balance activities on a rocker/balance board.