ROM/Stretching
Which of the following is a goal of passive range of motion (PROM) exercises?
A - Prevent muscle atrophy
B - Enhance movement of synovial fluid for articular cartilage nutrition
C - Increase joint range of motion (ROM) and muscle length
D - Improve muscle performance
B - Enhance movement of synovial fluid for articular cartilage nutrition
Which of these is not an exercise variable that can be manipulated in an effort to improve aerobic conditioning?
A - frequency
B - heart rate maximum
C - intensity
D - time
B - heart rate maximum
A patient is observed to have an extremely lordotic posture. Which of these is a likely cause of a lordotic posture?
A - mobility impairments in the iliopsoas and rectus femoris
B - mobility impairments in the rectus abdominis and obliques
C - tightness in hip extensors and excessive posterior pelvic tilting
D - tightness in the unilateral gluteus maximus and medius
A - mobility impairments in the iliopsoas and rectus femoris
Patellar tracking issues are often caused by tightness of IT band and lateral retinaculum which prevents ___________ gliding of the patella.
A - Superior
B - Inferior
C - Lateral
D - Medial
D - Medial
Plyometric drills are prescribed to improve which dimension of muscle performance?
A. Balance
B. Flexibility
C. Power
D. Endurance
C. Power
Which type of stretch is preferred for a well-trained athlete when being performed as a warm-up for explosive activities?
A - dynamic stretching
B - low load long duration stretching
C - PNF stretching
D - static stretching
A - dynamic stretching
Which of these is not a purpose of cardiovascular stress testing?
A - to determine appropriate exercise target levels
B - to establish the probability of coronary disease
C - to identify the degree of coronary artery blockage
D - to improve patient motivation and program adherence
C - to identify the degree of coronary artery blockage
Stretch weakness of the lower rectus abdominis and obliques, stress to the iliofemoral and anterior longitudinal ligaments of the lower lumbar spine, and narrowing of the lower lumbar intervertebral foramen are all problems associated with:
A - forward head postures
B - kyphotic postures
C - lordotic postures
D - slouched postures
D - slouched postures
A patient reports feeling a “locking” sensation in their knee with increased pain during weight bearing activities. The PT confirms that the patient has a tear in their meniscus. Which portion of the meniscus is most commonly torn?
A - Superior
B - Inferior
C - Lateral
D - Medial
D - Medial
As part of the plan of care, a PTA is discussing a heart healthy exercise program. The patient reveals that she recently joined a local gym and has plans to go with a friend three days per week, starting next week. Based on the transtheoretical model of behavioral change, this patient is in which stage?
A. the action stage
B. the contemplation stage
C. the maintenance stage
D. the preparation stage
D. the preparation stage
Which of the following best describes ROM exercises?
A - Functional excursion of a muscle
B - Passive or active stretching exercise beyond the available range of movement
C - Active muscle insufficiency
D - Passive, assisted, or active movement of a body segment through the available range of motion
D - Passive, assisted, or active movement of a body segment through the available range of motion
Which of these is true of the adaptation that occurs in response to aerobic exercise?
A - with training, total blood volume will be decreased
B - individuals with higher fitness levels can improve at lower levels of demand
C - significant cardiovascular change will only occur at increasing levels of demand
D - the same frequency, duration and intensity will continue to challenge the aerobic system
C - significant cardiovascular change will only occur at increasing levels of demand
Characteristics of the global muscles in the spine include all of the following except:
A - Provide dynamic stability to each segment in the spine.
B - Prime movers of the spine.
C - Multisegmental guy wires.
D - Control spinal orientation in response to external loads.
A - Provide dynamic stability to each segment in the spine.
Each of the following is an expected outcome of conservative management of osteoarthritis of the knees except:
A - Maintaining functional range of motion and strength.
B - Relieving pain.
C - Regenerating worn articular cartilage.
D - Preventing deformity.
C - Regenerating worn articular cartilage.
As you develop progressions of exercise programs for varied patients, which of the following describes the appropriate use of plyometric drills?
A. Pediatric programs should include plyometric drills because they are fun to perform and will engage the patient in functional activities.
B. Patients with unstable joints should perform plyometric drills early in the course of therapy to challenge firing of antagonistic muscle groups.
C. Every patient on a strengthening program should progress to plyometric drills during the return-to-function phase of rehabilitation.
D. Patients in advanced phases of rehabilitation should be trained to return to high-demand functional activities and sports
D. Patients in advanced phases of rehabilitation should be trained to return to high-demand functional activities and sports
When a PTA develops a stretching program that fits the patient’s lifestyle and that the patient is likely to follow, it is reasonable to expect improvement in all of the following areas except:
A - cardiorespiratory performance
B - functional performance
C - muscle flexibility
D - muscle performance
A - cardiorespiratory performance
Which of these demonstrates the specificity principle as applied to aerobic exercise?
A - developing a cycling program for a weightlifter prior to a competition
B - developing a fast-paced circuit training program for the local swim team
C - developing a treadmill program for a distance runner prior to a marathon
D - developing a weight training program specifically for a geriatric population
C - developing a treadmill program for a distance runner prior to a marathon
Which of these describes a disk injury in which the nuclear material extends beyond the confines of the posterior longitudinal ligament, or nuclear material that extends above and below the disk space?
A - extrusion
B - herniation
C - protrusion
D - sequestration
A - extrusion
For a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome due to excessive foot pronation and traumatic patellar chondromalacia, closed chain activities in which of these positions is most likely to trigger symptoms?
A - bilateral mini squats in a limited 30 – 50-degree arc of motion
B - forward deep lunges with forward knee flexed to 80 degrees
C - forward step-ups and step-downs using a 3-inch step height
D - terminal knee extension exercises against light resistance
B - forward deep lunges with forward knee flexed to 80 degrees
Which of these correctly matches the age group with activity recommendations as recommended by the US Department of Health and Human Services published guidelines?
A. children/adolescents: avoid inactivity /engage in regular physical activity
B. adults: 60 minutes of moderate/vigorous daily activity
C. adults with disabilities: 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week
D. older adults (65+): 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week
D. older adults (65+): 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week
When incorporating functional patterns into ROM interventions, which of the following guidelines is correct?
A - PROM should always be performed in anatomical planes of motion to reinforce motor learning.
B - Mechanical assistance should not be used for assisted ROM because it will reduce motor learning.
C - Incorporate the functional movement into the patient’s daily activities once the pattern can be performed safely and correctly, without assistance or compensation.
D - Patients with visual impairments should always perform ROM in anatomical planes, avoiding functional patterns, so that joint alignment is maintained.
C - Incorporate the functional movement into the patient’s daily activities once the pattern can be performed safely and correctly, without assistance or compensation.
When stress testing a 45-year-old male who has no symptoms of coronary heart disease, which of these would be an acceptable reason for stopping a stress test?
A - increased rate and depth of respiration
B - patient requests to stop during the test
C - rapid diastolic increase to 100 mm Hg
D - reports of moderate fatigue while testing
B - patient requests to stop during the test
Which of these would be considered a sign or symptom of lateral stenosis rather than central stenosis?
A - bilateral lower extremity symptoms
B - unilateral leg pain and back pain
C - pain relief that occurs with standing
D - radiating pain that occurs during walking
B - unilateral leg pain and back pain
For the post-operative primary total knee arthroplasty patient who received a standard surgical approach, which phase of rehab will include the goals of 0 – 90 degrees of range of motion and ambulation without an assistive device?
A - maximum protection phase
B - moderate protection phase
C - minimum protection phase
D - return to function phase
A - maximum protection phase
Your patient is nearing the end of his rehabilitation for return to sport and is performing more of his program independently at home. As you are providing education regarding precautions and recognizing signs and symptoms, you discuss how much recovery time he should allow between sessions of high-intensity plyometric drills. Based on research, how much time do you suggest?
A. 15–30 minutes
B. 24 hours
C. 48–72 hours
D. 8–12 hours
C. 48–72 hours