Fascial Fundamentals
This gel-like material fills the space between cells and can range from fluid to calcified.
What is ground substance?
This assessment technique involves lifting and rolling the skin to assess restriction.
What is skin rolling?
This is the primary purpose of cross fiber friction.
What is breaking down adhesions?
This grade is used initially to assess joint reactivity.
What is Grade II distraction?
This technique uses a gentle 10–20% contraction.
What is post-isometric relaxation?
These are the three major layers of fascia in the body.
What are superficial, deep, and subserous fascia?
Clients should be warned that fascial work may cause this sensation (side effect).
What is itching or burning?
This stage of healing is most appropriate for frictions.
What is late subacute/chronic stage?
This is the typical duration for joint mobilizations.
What is 1–2 minutes?
This technique uses maximal isometric contraction.
What is hold-relax?
This type of tissue response allows permanent length change after stretch.
What is the plastic range?
This indicates a successful fascial release.
What is tissue softening or heat release?
Before applying frictions, this must be done to the tissue.
What is warm the tissues (to the depth of muscle stripping)?
Joint mobilizations should always be performed in this joint position.
What is open/loose pack position?
This is the most appropriate stage of healing for stretching.
What is late subacute?
This term describes slow, sustained lengthening of tissue under constant load.
What is creep?
This technique involves separating tissue using thumbs or fingertips.
What is fascial spreading?
This position of the tissue is required during friction application.
What is the lengthened position?
This technique involves pulling along the long axis of a limb.
What is long axis traction?
This is NOT an indication for stretching.
What is hypermobility?
This is NOT an appropriate time to apply fascial techniques.
What is acute inflammation?
In this approach, the therapist follows the path of least resistance.
What is indirect fascial technique?
This is a required component after friction treatment.
What is stretch and ice?
This finding indicates the need for high-grade mobilizations.
What is capsular end feel restriction?
This is the main effect of PNF techniques.
What is decreased muscle tone?