Theory
Focuses on changing unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy
four key problem areas of:
grief, role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
optimistic, humanistic, and phenomenological approach - each individual has within them the capacity for dramatic and positive growth
Person-Centered
system mapping, boundary setting, feedback loops, exploring role dynamics
Systems-Centered Therapy (SCT)
free association, dream analysis, transference, countertransference, exploring childhood experiences
Psychodynamic Therapy
Problems come from dysfunctional family processes rather than individuals
Family Systems
helps to gain insight into inner lives with a focus on how past experiences, unresolved conflicts, and the unconscious motivations shape current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Psychodynamic Therapy
psychopathology is caused by maladaptive learning, either from classical or operant conditioning models
Behavioral Therapy
empty chair, experiential exercises, here and now focus
Gestalt
Externalization (personifying the problem), re-authoring conversations (construct new empowering narratives), exploring values
Narrative Therapy
early childhood relationships shape personality and behavior
psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Focuses on exploring and resolving ambivalence, helping clients find their own reasons for making positive changes.
Motivational Interviewing
collaborative non-pathologizing approach that centers people as the experts of their own lives - focus on stories constructed about their lives and identities
Narrative Therapy
cognitive restructuring, thought records, reframing, socratic questioning, problem-solving skills
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Identifying interpersonal problems, communication analysis, role playing, role dispute resolution, communication analysis
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
clients must grapple with core life issues such as death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness
Existential
focus on the individual's experience in the here and now and the ways they interact with their environment - psychological problems arise from unresolved conflicts and incomplete experiences
Gestalt Therapy
psychopathology develops when people become discouraged due to belief systems that interfere with their ability to face and deal with the tasks of life
Adlerian
puppet play, sand play therapy, dollhouse play, board games
open-ended questions, developing discrepancy, exploring ambivalence, exploring values and goals
Motivational Interviewing
Combines traditional cognitive behavioral techniques with mindfulness practices
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
leverages the power of group dynamics and peer support to foster personal growth, provide emotional support, and develop social skills
Group Therapy
psychopathology arises from social, cultural, and masculine-based power inequities and oppression
Feminist
miracle question, scaling questions, reframing, goal setting
Solution-Focused Therapy
Mindfulness, distress tolerance skills, interpersonal effectiveness, self-soothing, creating meaning