Components of Physical Function
"ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body (center of mass) within the available base of support without falling"
Balance
"overstretching, overuse, overexertion of soft tissues (contractile tissues) occurring from slight trauma or unaccustomed repetitive trauma"
*most common at musculotendinous junctions*
Strain
What is the typical time frame for the subacute stage (aka moderate protection/ controlled motion, phase II)?
2-6 weeks depending on injury/surgery
What is the number 1 risk factor for osteoarthritis?
previous injury to that joint.
A patient who fractures the shaft of their ulna across the long axis would have this kind of fracture.
Transverse fracture
"ability to perform moderate-intensity, repetitive, total-body movements (walking, jogging, etc) over an extended period of time"
Cardiopulmonary Fitness or Endurance
"stress, stretch or tear of soft tissues (non-contractile tissues or static stabilizers around a joint)"
sprain
During which stage/phase of inflammation/tissue healing is stretching contraindicated?
Acute stage, phase I
Low body weight, smoking and, limited physical activity are all risk factors for which bone disease?
Osteoporosis
Comminuted Fracture
"ability to move freely, without restriction"
Flexibility
"Displacement of a part, usually bony partners in a joint, resulting in loss of anatomical relationship and leading to soft tissue damage, inflammation, pain, and spasm."
Dislocation
Name something that would be appropriate to introduce or progress in phase III of tissue healing?
* progression of submax to maximal effort exercises
*progression of concentric to eccentric exercises
*progression of open to closed chain exercises
*progression of isolated, single direction exercises to complex, coordinated exercises
*combining extremity movement with postural control/balance tasks
*simulation of dynamic/functional/sporting activity tasks
"An autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease affecting the synovial lining of joints as well as other connective tissue."
(mostly affects hands, fingers, cervical spine)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
A fracture where one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent is called what?
extra credit: in which population does this type of fracture occur in most commonly and why?
Greenstick fracture
extra credit: adolescents because their long bones have yet to ossify fully
"the capacity of a muscle to produce tension and do physical work."
Muscle function OR Strength OR power
What is synovitis?
Inflammation of the synovial membrane
Your patient recently fractured their wrist and is immobilized in a cast, what should you focus on until the cast is removed?
everything above and below the fracture site (ROM, strength, coordination, circulation) that does not place stress on fracture site
"a chronic, degenerative disorder primarily affecting the articular cartilage of synovial joints, with eventual bony remodeling and overgrowth at the margins of the joint"
osteoarthritis (OA)
Name the 3 phases of bone healing following a fracture.
(hint: I,R,R)
extra credit if you can briefly explain what happens in each phase.
1. inflammatory phase - internal bleeding then clotting
2. reparative phase - hematoma formation and cellular proliferation
3. restorative phase - callus formation uniting the breach and ossification
"the correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing combined with the appropriate intensity of muscle contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding, and grading of movement"
Coordination
Differentiate between tendinitis, tendinosis and, tenosynovitis.
1. Tendinitis: inflammation or irritation of a tendon (acute)
2. Tendinosis: degeneration of the tendon due to repetitive microtrauma (chronic)
3. Tenosynovitis: inflammation of the synovial covering of a tendon
If a patient's function is limited by weakness absent of pain they are likely in which phase of inflammation/healing?
phase II, controlled motion phase, intermediate phase
What is the main difference between arthritis and arthrosis?
arthritis = limitation of a joint secondary to inflammation
arthrosis = limitation of a joint without inflammation
Open reduction internal fixation