Conduction
1. What is the transfer of heat through direct contact of molecules?
What is the process of heat transfer in fluids?
Convection.
What type of heat transfer does not require a medium?
Radiation
What is the term for when all substances in a system reach the same temperature?
Thermal Equilibrium
Give an example of conduction in everyday life.
Touching a hot stove. or something involving physical contact
How does a convection current work in water?
Warm water rises, cool water sinks, creating a current.
Name a common example of radiation.
The warmth felt from the sun.
What happens to the energy when objects reach thermal equilibrium?
Energy transfer stops; temperatures equalize.
Why is metal a good conductor of heat?
Because it has free electrons that can move easily or because it can quickly transfer heat energy
Explain how convection is used in weather patterns.
Warm air rises and cool air moves in, creating wind.
How does the sun's energy reach the Earth?
Through radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves.
What are some factors that affect the rate of reaching thermal equilibrium?
Surface area, material properties, and temperature difference.
Describe how conduction occurs in cooking.
Heat moves from the burner to the pot through direct contact.
How does convection work in a pot of boiling water?
Hot water rises to the surface while cooler water sinks.
Compare radiation to conduction and convection.
Radiation does not need a medium, while conduction and convection do.
Why is thermal equilibrium important in a closed system?
It ensures stability and uniform temperature throughout.
What is the role of insulators in heat transfer by conduction?
Insulators reduce the rate of heat transfer.
How does convection relate to ocean currents?
Warm water at the equator rises and moves towards the poles, while cold water sinks.
Explain the role of infrared radiation in heat transfer.
Infrared radiation transfers heat energy from hot objects to cooler ones.
How does thermal equilibrium affect energy transfer in ecosystems?
It balances energy flow between organisms and their environment.