Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles of matter
Temperature
This is the total energy of ALL molecules in a substance
(HINT: It matters how much there is)
Thermal Energy
The transfer of thermal energy away from a warm object towards a cooler object is called:
Heat
What are the three ways heat can be transferred?
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
What is the formula for calculating the change in energy?
Mass (Kg) X Specific Heat X Change in Temp (K)
often written as MCAT
As temperature increases, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles?
Increases/ moves faster
A swimming pool and a cup of water are both 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Since they have the same temperature, do they also have the same amount of thermal energy?
NO
More particles= more thermal energy
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1Kg of a material 1 K
Specific Heat
Heat is transferred by CONTACT
Ex: Holding a warm cup of cocoa
Conduction
Using your specific heat chart:
Calculate how much energy is needed to warm 7Kg of copper by 10 K
7 X 385 X 10 =
26,950 J
As temperature decreases, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles?
As thermal energy increases, what happens to the molecules?
* give TWO descriptors
Molecules EXPAND
What is the unit of measure for specific heat?
Joules
This heat transfer is why your attic is hot but your basement is cold
Convection
Using your specific heat chart:
Calculate how much energy is needed to warm 3Kg of sand by 8 K.
3 X 800 X 8 =
19,200 J
This temperature scale has a boiling point of 100 degrees and a freezing point of 0 degrees
Celsius
As thermal energy decreases, what happens to the molecules?
* give TWO descriptors
Molecules move SLOWER
Molecules CONDENSE
Look at your specific heat chart:
Which material would be able to absorb the LEAST thermal energy?
Silver
Radiation
Using your specific heat chart:
Calculate how much energy is needed to warm 15 Kg of silver by 9 K
15 X 235 X 9 =
31,725 J
This temperature scale is based on the idea of absolute zero, where zero is the lowest possible temperature- all energy has been removed
Kelvin (K)
The temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter is known as:
Absolute Zero
Looking at the list of specific heat
Which material on the list would be the best insulator of heat?
Water
If two objects have different temperatures:
Heat ALWAYS transfers from the ___________object to the __________ object
Warmer to Colder
A material that transfers heat well is called a(n)
Conductor