Thermal Energy
Particle Motion
States of Matter
Phase Changes
Heat Transfer
100
What is thermal energy?
The total kinetic energy (movement) of the particles in a substance aka heat energy
100
What happens to particles in a solid?
They vibrate in place but do not move freely.
100
Which state of matter has particles packed tightly in a fixed, orderly pattern?
Solid
100
Ice cubes melting in a glass of water. What phase change is this?
Melting
100
What type of heat transfer occurs through direct contact between objects?
Conduction
200
What device measures temperature?
Thermometer
200
In which state of matter do particles move the fastest?
Gas
200
Which state of matter flows and takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume?
Liquid
200
What does a flat segment on a phase change graph represent?
A phase change where temperature stays constant.
200
Which heat transfer method involves the movement of warm fluids rising and cool fluids sinking?
Convection
300
What causes particles to move faster?
Adding heat (thermal energy).
300
Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.
They move past each other but remain close together.
300
Which state of matter has particles that move freely and fill the entire volume of their container?
Gas
300
Water vapor turning into liquid droplets on a cold window. What phase change is this?
Condensation
300
Heat from the Sun reaches Earth through which type of heat transfer?
Radiation
400
What happens to thermal energy when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?
Thermal energy increases as the substance absorbs heat to change state.
400
What causes particles to move faster?
Adding heat (thermal energy).
400
Put the three states of matter in order from least to greatest particle motion
Solid -> Liquid -> Gas
400
Segment D on a phase change graph is flat, indicating liquid is changing to gas. What is this phase change called? 
Vaporization (boiling or evaporation also accepted)
400
Why does a metal spoon get hot when left in a hot pot?
Heat is conducted through the metal spoon.
500
How does thermal energy relate to temperature in different substances?
The less thermal energy = lower temperature
500
Why do gases expand to fill their containers?
Because gas particles move rapidly and spread out to fill all available space.
500
Why are solids generally incompressible?
Because their particles are closely packed with little space between them.
500
Dry ice turning directly from solid to gas without becoming liquid. What phase change is this?
Sublimation
500
What is the difference between conductors and insulators?
Conductors allow heat to pass through easily, while insulators slow down or block heat transfer.