Thermal Energy
Define potential energy
stored energy
What type of waves transfer heat in radiation
electromagnetic waves
If thermal energy is being transferred through different materials, it is heating by __________
Conduction
_________ happens within the same material
Convection
Define kinetic energy
energy an object possesses due to it's motion
What is an example of radiation
Heat from the sun
Microwave
Heat from fire
what is an example of conduction
cooking
bare feet on pavement
spoon in a hot drink
Which state of matter (gas, liquid, solid) does convection not occur in?
solids
What is a thermal conductor?
material through which thermal energy flows easily (transfer heat quickly)
Define thermal energy
the sum of kinetic and potential energy of the particles that make up a material
What is the only way thermal energy can travel from the Sun to Earth?
Radiation
How does heat travel in conduction?
Through touch or collisions of particles
What is an example of convection?
Air conditioning
Hot air rising
Boiling water
What is a thermal insulator?
material through which thermal energy does not flow easily (resists heat transfer)
Which one is a hotter temperature?
1. a material with particles moving slowly
2. a material with particles moving quickly
2. a material with particles moving quickly
What can radiation transfer through
Solids, liquids, gases, and space vacuum
How long does conduction go on for?
Until all particles in contact are equal (equilibrium)
Define convection
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another.
heating up food in a hot pot uses which thermal energy transfer?
conduction (the hot pot is cooking the food!)
Define heat
the movement of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler one
Is heat transfer through steam radiation?
no! that would be convection
The amount of thermal energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C is called _____________
specific heat
Describe how convection works when boiling water
When the water heats up from the pot, it rises to the top and the cold water from the top sinks. Then when that water becomes hotter, it rises again. This happens until the water is removed from the heat source or it is all evaporated.
describe cooking soup on a stove using the 3 thermal energy transfers
Radiation --> The heat from the fire heats up the pot
Conduction --> the hot pot heats up the soup because it's touching the soup
Convection --> convection currents form and circulate allowing all of the soup to heat up