Molecular Theory & States of Matter
How particles arrange in solids?
What are tightly packed in fixed positions and only vibrate
How does temperature difference affect heat flow
What is heat flows from higher to lower temperature until equilibrium
Collisions transferring kinetic energy between particles.
What causes conduction at the particle level
How does apparent brightness change with distance
What is it decreases proportionally
Why gases compressible but solids are not?
What are gas particles are far apart with lots of empty space, allowing compression.
This stays constant during melting even if heat is added
What is the temperature remains constant
Why doesn’t convection occur in solids
What is particles in solids cannot move freely to create currents
Determining temperature from the peak wavelength of emitted radiation.
What is Wien’s displacement law used for
What explains liquids taking the shape of their container?
What are particles are close but can move and slide past each other
Why use Kelvin for temperature in physics?
What is Kelvin starts at absolute zero, directly related to particle kinetic energy.
What property makes a material a good conductor
What is high thermal conductivity
What’s the difference between luminosity and apparent brightness
What is luminosity is total power emitted; apparent brightness is power received per unit area
How does density differ between solids, liquids, and gases?
What are solids are densest due to close packing; gases are least dense with widely spaced
particles
The total microscopic kinetic and potential energy of a system's particles
What is internal energy
Why does a matte black object absorb heat better than a shiny one
What is matte black surfaces absorb more radiation and reflect less
The power radiated by a black body depending on temperature and surface area
What is the formula .....L=
What happens to particle motion as temperature increases
What are particles move faster and have higher kinetic energy
These two forms of energy make up internal energy
What are random kinetic energy and intermolecular potential energy
How does luminosity depend on temperature
What is Luminosity increases with the fourth power of temperature
How can astronomers find a star’s temperature
What is by measuring the peak wavelength in its emission spectrum and using Wien’s law