KE, PE and GPE
First Law
Second Law
Systems vs. Surroundings
Heat Measurement and Transfers
100
Defined as the energy of motion.
Kinetic Energy (KE)
100
In the formula, ▵U = Q - W, what does the "▵U" indicate?
Change in total internal energy of the system.
100
"Heat always flows from a hot object to a _____ _____."
Cold or colder object.
100
A hot coffee cup left by mistake on a kitchen counter for an hour. Which is the system? Which are the surroundings?
Coffee cup is the system; the kitchen is the surroundings.
100
You burn your hand when you grab a metal spoon left in a pot of chicken soup cooking on the stove. What type of heat transfer is this?
Conduction.
200
Defined as energy that is stored and held ready to go.
Potential energy (PE)
200
In the formula, ▵U = Q - W, what does the "▵Q" indicate?
Heat added to or heat lost by the system.
200
What does "irreversible" mean with a process?
A process that cannot be completely reversed and returned to its initial state.
200
A pot of chicken soup cooking on the stove. What type of system is this?
Open system.
200
Roasting marshmallows over a campfire to make s'mores with your friends. What type of heat transfer is this?
Radiation.
300
This energy depends on mass and height.
Gravitational potential energy (GPE)
300
What two (2) variables drive the total internal energy change of a system?
Adding heat to the system or doing work to the system.
300
Defined as a measure of a system's disorder or dispersion.
Entropy
300
A tightly sealed thermos with hot chocolate contained inside. What type of system is this?
Isolated system.
300
Ocean currents bring warmer waters from the Gulf Stream to the Atlantic Ocean. What type of heat transfer is this?
Convection.
400
In the image below, what energy transfer is being depicted?:
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) to Kinetic Energy (KE)
400
In the specific heat formula, Q = s x m x △ T, what does the "Q" indicate?
The heat energy required by a substance.
400
When heat is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object, we say that the ________ increases.
Entropy
400
A crock pot cooking your favorite beef stew. What type of system is this?
Closed system.
400
Defined as the measure of the average kinetic energy of individual particles of matter.
Temperature.
500
The unit of measure for Kinetic Energy (KE).
Joules
(or 1 kilogram x meters2/seconds2)
500
In the formula, ▵U = Q - W, when is the "W" value negative? (Using the convention we have established)
When the surroundings do work on the system.
500
What does "spontaneous" mean in Physics?
A naturally occurring process that happens without outside energy input.
500
When the system exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings, this is an example of a(n) ________ system.
Closed system.
500
Defined as the movement of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to another at a lower temperature.
Heat.