Temperature and Kinetic Theory
This is what temperature measures
What is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance?
This is the direction that heat energy will always flow when two objects of different temperatures are in contact.
What is from the high temp object to the low temp object?
his law states that pressure and volume are inversely related when temperature is constant.
What is Boyle's Law?
This is the principle of conservation of energy as it applies to thermodynamic systems.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
This is the term for a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
What is entropy?
In which state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) do particles have the most kinetic energy and move most freely?
What is a gas?
A cup of hot tea cooling to room temperature is an example of heat energy doing this
What is spreading toward a uniform distribution(thermal equilibrium)?
This law states that volume and temperature are directly related when pressure is constant.
What is Charles's Law?
When a system gains energy, its internal energy does this.
What is increase?
A hot cup of coffee cooling down is an example of a system in which entropy is doing this (increasing or decreasing).
What is increasing?
When the temperature of a solid increases, the vibration of its particles does this.
What is increase / speed up?
An iron at 100°C is placed in water at 50°C. The water molecules will do this as heat energy flows
What is move faster?
This law states that pressure and temperature are directly related when volume is constant.
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
A balloon is filled with air and placed in a freezer. Using Charles's Law, explain what happens to the balloon's volume and why.
What is the volume decreases because the temperature of the air inside decreases, causing the gas particles to move slower and exert less force on the balloon's inner surface?
In a system with increasing entropy, this form of energy is most likely to increase
What is thermal energy?
According to the kinetic theory, what happens when a fast-moving particle collides with a slower-moving particle?
What is energy is transferred from the fast particle to the slow particle?
In a sealed, insulated container, an ice cube in hot water disappears. This quantity is the same for the heat lost by the hot water and the heat gained by the ice cube
What is energy / heat energy?
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume of a gas is compressed to half its size, the pressure will do this.
What is double / increase by a factor of two?
Water in a pot on a stove is warming up. According to the First Law, the change in the water's internal energy is equal to this
What is the energy from the burner? (or, more formally, heat added minus work done by the system, but for water heating in a pot, work is negligible, so energy from the burner is the best simple answer.)
When an ideal gas is compressed in an insulated container, its temperature does this, and its entropy does this
What is increase (temperature) and decrease (entropy)?
If two objects are in thermal contact, the average kinetic energy of their particles will do this over time.
What is become more equal?
This is the term for the state reached when two objects in contact stop having a net heat transfer between them because their average kinetic energies are equal.
What is thermal equilibrium?
A gas at 300 K has a pressure of 2 atm in a rigid container. If the temperature is increased to 600 K, the new pressure will be this
What is 4 atm? (Direct relationship P1/T1 = P2/T2)
If a gas expands and does 200 J of work on its surroundings, while also absorbing 150 J of heat, this is the change in its internal energy (in Joules).
What is -50 J?
If you have two objects of the same material, one with twice the mass of the other, and they are at the same temperature, this is the relationship between their total internal kinetic energies.
What is the object with twice the mass has twice the total internal kinetic energy? (Temperature is average KE per particle, so more particles = more total energy.)