Heat & Temperature
The average amount of kinetic energy per particle contained in an object is the object's __________
Temperature
Name the three states of matter, in order from HIGHEST to LOWEST temperature.
Gas, liquid, solid.
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of ________________.
The law of conservation of energy.
What happens to the volume of solids, liquids, and gases as the temperature increases?
Increases
How much heat is absorbed by a copper water pipe with a mass of 2.3 kg when its temperature is raised from 20°C to 80°C? The specific heat of copper is 385 J/kg°C
53,130J
_________ is the amount of energy transferred between objects due to a temperature difference.
Heat
The melting/freezing point of water is ____ degrees Celsius, and the boiling point is ______ degrees Celsius.
0, 100
If a system becomes more disordered, entropy _______.
Increases
What is one reason that thermal expansion must be considered in the field of engineering?
answers will vary
How much heat is required to melt 0.5 kg of silver at its melting point? The heat of fusion of silver is 1.04 x 105 J/kg.
52,000 J
Which temperature scale can never be negative?
Kelvin Scale
Heat of Fusion is the amount of energy needed to _____ or _______ a substance.
Melt, freeze
The particles in the hot water move more quickly and therefore are able to spread the dye more efficiently.
Bimetallic strips, used as adjustable switches in devices such as thermostats, consist of metallic strips that have different _______.
Thermal expansion coefficients
Rates of expansion
Coefficients of expansion
Etc
The length of a bridge is measured to be 1500 m on a day when the temperature is 10°C. What will the change in length be on a day when the temperature increases to 37°C? The coefficient of linear expansion for the bridge, assumed to be made of steel, is 12 × 10-6 1/°C
0.486 m
Define specific heat.
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
Heat of Vaporization is the amount of energy needed to _____ or ______ a substance.
Condense, Vaporize
The second law of thermodynamics deals with entropy. What is entropy?
A measure of the dispersal of energy (or disorder) of a system.
What three values do you need to calculate the linear expansion of a solid?
Original length, coefficient of thermal expansion, and the temperature change
A 0.100kg metal block at 100°C is placed in 0.100kg of water at 10°C. The final temperature of the mixture is 25°C. What is the specific heat of the metal? The specific heat of water is 4180 J/kg°C
836 J/kg°C
Objects that are in thermal contact with each other and reach the same temperature are in ________.
Thermal equilibrium
When heat is added to water at its boiling point, what will happen to the temperature of the water?
it will remain the same
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
No system can reach absolute zero.
The coefficient of volume expansion is typically ____ times as large as the coefficient of linear expansion.
3
How much heat is absorbed by 0.1kg of ice at -20°C to become water at 80°C?
cice = 2060 J/kg°C
cwater = is 4180 J/kg°C
Hf = 3.34 x 105 J/kg for water/ice
Melting Point: 0°C
70,960 J