Nature of Heat
The three types of thermometers
What are the laboratory thermometer, the clinical thermometer and the thermocouple?
This state of matter has the highest density of particles
What are solids?
Gases, liquids and solids
What are the phases of matter?
Sagging telephone lines and creaking roofs
What are real-life examples of thermal expansion?
The three ways of transferring thermal energy
What are conduction, convection and radiation?
This theory states that particles are constantly in motion, due to the kinetic energy they possess, which determines their temperature.
What is the Kinetic Theory of Heat?
This is the only state of matter with the ability to be compressed
What is gas?
The melting point of pure ice (0°C) and the boiling point of pure water (100°C)
What are the fixed points on the Celsius Scale?
These lose carbonation and fizz when opened due to thermal expansion
What are carbonated drinks?
These gases allow high-frquency radiation to enter the atmosphere but prevent low-frequency radiation from leaving
What are greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane)?
This 18th-century experiment shows that heat energy transferred when a cannon was being bored was inexhaustible and was only determined by the work done in boring the hole
What is Rumford's cannon-boring experiment?
This is the only state of matter that takes the shape of its container while maintaining a fixed volume
What is liquid?
These surfaces are poor absorbers and emitters of radiation, as they reflect most wavelengths of radiation.
What are shiny or white surfaces?
A strip composed of two different metal strips riveted together. When heated, they bend and the metal that expands more forms the outer side of the curve. It is inverse during cooling.
What is a bimetallic strip?
The factors that affect the absorption and emission of thermal radiation
What are the texture, nature, colour and area of the surface?
The response of a thermistor's thermometric property to an increase in temperature
What is a decrease in resistance (for some types)?
The rigid bonds between a solid's particles prohibit this
What is its ability to flow?
The temperature of a body relative to its surroundings determines whether it is a --- ------- or a --- -------- of infrared radiation at any particular time.
What is a net emitter and a net absorber?
When this apparatus is heated, the metal rod expands, decreasing its tension. During cooling, the force on the tiny iron rod will increase as tension increases, resulting in its fracturing.
What is the bar-breaking apparatus?
The adaptations of the vacuum flask to reduce thermal energy transfer
What are the vacuum, double-walled glass or plastic container, silver inner walls, insulated cover, supports and case, and polished outer wall?
The relationship between the temperature of a body and the kinetic energy of its molecules
What is directly related/proportional?
The main motion of a gas' particles
What is translation?
This type of thermocouple has a temperature range of around 95°C - 900°C.
What is the type E thermocouple?
An experiment showing the expansion of a metal ball due to heating, rendering it incapable of passing a metal ring of a similar size
What is the ball-and-ring experiment?
This is the cool, onshore breeze from the sea that replaces the rising air from the land that was heated by the Sun's radiation
What is sea breeze?