category 1
T/F As the bronchial tree branches, the total surface area available for gaseous exchange is increased
T- Fractal geometry allows for increased surface area even as branches get smaller
T/F There is positive air pressure in the lungs at resting inspiratory level (RIL)
In regular quiet breathing, RIL occurs at about 50% vital capacity; air flowing in -> positive air pressure in lungs
T/F Inhalation occurs when lung volume increases and alveolar pressure starts becoming negative
T- Explained by Boyle's Law: 1. as volume increases, pressure decreases; 2 air moves in the direction of lower pressure.
T/F Patients with excessive tension in respiratory muscles and patients with too little muscle tone in respiratory muscles require the same type of therapy
F- In practicum clinicians cannot assume the same treatments for varied symptoms
For objects with their axis parallel to the ground, the terms "ventral/dorsal" can be used interchangeably with:
a. anterior/posterior
b. rostral/caudal
c. inferior/superior
d. none of the above
C. Inferior/superior
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A transverse cut is:
a. the same as a coronal cut-vertical cut front and back
b. perpendicular to the sagittal cut
c. the same as "cross-sectional" cut
d. none of the above
e. b and c
E. B and c
Explain how "Vital Capacity" serves as an important point of reference in speech breathing and quiet breathing
In quiet breathing, the volume of inhale and exhale is at 10% of vital capacity. In speech breathing, the volume of inhale and exhale is at least 20% of vital capacity. When you are speaking loudly and for a long time, your vital capacity goes up to 40% of vital capacity.
In humans, the ears lie on the ________ surface of the head:
a. ventral
b. medial
c. posterior
d.none of the above
D. None of the above
The ears lie on the lateral surface of the head
draw the speech person diagram (in the air with your finger)
looking gooooood
Slicing the cerebrum horizontally, then removing the top and peering from the top provides the:
a. inferior view
b. lateral view
c. superior view
d.frontal view
C. Superior view
Vibratory portion of the vocal folds:
a. internal thyroarytenoids
b. vocalis
c. external thyroarytenoids
d. a and b
e. b and c
D. A and b
Alveolar pressure is often referred to as ______ pressure:
a. supraglottal
b. intraoral
c. antiglottal
d. tracheal
e. none of the above
D- Tracheal; Anything subglottal is tracheal/pulmonary
Which of the following muscles may be most critical for accessing expiratory reserve volume/capacity:
a. Pectoralis Major and Pectoral Minor
b. Neck muscles (e.g. Scalene)
c. Rectus Abdominis
d. none of the above
c. Rectus Abdominis- Accessing expiratory reserve is dependent predominantly on the abdominal muscles, and the Rectus Abdominis muscle is the primary abdominal muscle.
At lung volumes below 38-40% VC, some inspiratory muscles are ______ and some expiratory muscles are ______:
a. active, inactive
b. inactive, also inactive
c. active, also active
d. inactive, active
C. Active, also active- During tidal breathing, vital capacity typically fluctuates between 40%-50%, with air pressure moving between 0 and positive pressure. When lung volume dips below 38-40% vital capacity, air pressure is negative which indicates forced exhalation. During forced exhalation, all muscle groups involved in respiration (both inhalation and exhalation) are active.
Vocal folds are ______ at their _______ point of attachment and _______ at the _______ point of attachment:
a. fixed, posterior, movable, lateral
b. fixed, anterior, movable, lateral
c. movable, posterior, fixed, anterior
d.movable, anterior, fixed, posterior
C. Movable, posterior, fixed, anterior
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Respond to the following statement; either support it or argue against it, but justify your position. "Breathing for speech is basically the same as quiet tidal breathing except that for speech we take more air in and let it out faster."
Location of air intake for life breathing is nose for speech it is mouthRatio of time for inhalation and exhalation:40% inhaling 60% exhaling for quiet breathing10% inhalation 90% exhalation for speech breathing volume of air inhaled per cycle:QB = 10% VCSB = at least 20% VC
The true vocal folds are composed of the following layers, listed in superior to inferior sequence:
a. epithelium, vocalis, lamina propria
b. lamina propria, epithelium, vocalis
c. vocalis, epithelium, lamina propria
d.epithelium, lamina propria, vocalis
D. Epithelium, lamina propria, vocalis
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T/F ..If patients can sustain a steady stream of subglottal air pressure of 5 cm of water for 5 seconds (assume this to be correct), then their respiratory system is functioning adequately to sustain voicing, even during longer stretches of speech production
False because Meeting the requirements of 5cm/5s indicates that a person can initiate voicing, but is not enough to determine one's ability to sustain phonation/voicing (which requires extended amounts of control over the muscles of the respiratory system).
T/F During quiet breathing, reaching resting expiratory level after a regular inhalation requires contracting the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, and all other abdominal muscles
F- In resting/tidal breathing, exhalation is passive and relies on recoil forces, including gravity, elasticity, and torque. Muscle contractions are used in active/forced (or controlled) exhalation to access expiratory reserve volume/capacity.
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____________ serve/s as critical point/s of reference for understanding the differences between inhalation for quiet breaking and speech:
a. total lung capacity
b. vital capacity
c. residual capacity
d.all of the above
B. Vital capacity - Since we do not have access to residual capacity (which is part of total lung capacity), it is not useful when analyzing breathing or speech
Vital capacity (VC) serves as a point of reference for determining how much air we access in breathing/speech; also, VC serves as a reference point for understanding other lung volumes and capacities (e.g. inspiratory capacity, etc.)
Which of the following statements about the diaphragm are false:
a. it separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity
b. it compresses the thoracic cavity when it contracts
c. it is one of the main muscles of inhalation
d. none of the above (all statements are true)
B. It compresses the thoracic cavity when it contracts- The diaphragm contracts during inhalation, which expands the thoracic cavity