A model or pattern that diagrams a move you can make in academic writing.
What is a template?
100
This is what you should always start with when entering any argument.
What is "they say" or what others are saying?
100
The number of "ways to respond."
What is three?
100
This is the term for the kind of word, phrase, or sentence that connects adjacent parts of your paper.
What is transitional?
100
This is the "fundamental currency" of scientific argument, that all science writing starts with.
What is data?
200
The central template or core move of all effective argument.
What is "they say/I say"?
200
Putting yourself in their shoes is very important when you do this.
What is paraphrasing/summarizing?
200
The term for an opposing viewpoint you should always be sure to plant and address in your text.
What is a naysayer/naysayer viewpoint?
200
This is one example of a transitional word or phrase that involves cause and effect.
What is accordingly/as a result/because (of this)/
consequently/hence/since/so/then/therefore/thus?
200
Pointing out that the data does not actually support the conclusions drawn in an earlier study is an example of this way of responding in scientific writing.
What is disagreeing--and explaining why?
300
What you are joining when you take part in argumentative writing in any field.
What is a/the conversation?
300
The key part of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) in making summaries.
What are verbs/signal verbs?
300
The linked questions They Say/I Say uses to talk about significance (saying why it matters).
What is "So what? Who Cares?"
300
This type of connecting word gestures backwards and forwards, and is often a pronoun.
What is a pointing word?
300
Observing that the results of an earlier study are very promising but that more work still needs to be done to corroborate them is an example of this way of responding in scientific writing.
What is agreeing, but with a difference?
400
The process of showing that academic writing is isn't really all that different from ordinary ways of interacting and communicating.
What is demystifying/demystification?
400
The term for presenting a long, boring catalogue of what others say that puts your audience to sleep ("he says," "then he also points out," "and then another thing he says is...").
What is listing?
400
The phrases and/or references you embed in your writing that help readers distinguish what you are saying from what they are saying.
What are voice markers?
400
One example of this way of responding is providing a personal slant on what someone else has said.
What is agreeing, but with a difference?
400
This is something you need to do when changing the subject in a class discussion.
What is explicitly signaling/indicating that you are changing the topic?
500
The authors of They Say/I Say
Who are Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein?
500
The metaphorical term for framing quotations with an introductory statement followed immediately by an explanation.
What is a quotation sandwich?
500
These are the three ways of responding to what "they say."
What is disagreeing and giving reasons why, agreeing but with a difference, and agreeing and disagreeing simultaneously? (Or something to this effect)
500
There's a danger of losing this in the jargon-heavy, relatively formal arena of academic writing.
What is personal voice/your own voice?
500
This is the single most important thing you need to do when commenting in class discussion.
What is linking your comments to something that has already been said?