Thinking & PS Definitions
Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, and people.
What is a concept
When Ms. Fellin says “I can only use it for this one thing!” she might be experiencing
What is functional fixedness
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Intelligence
According to Spearman, this underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
General intelligence or "g"
The smallest unit that carries a meaning
Morpheme
Generalizations about objects, places, events and people
What is a schema
These are the two types of heuristics
What is availability and representative
one’s lifetime of intellectual achievement, as demonstrated largely through one's vocabulary and general knowledge
What is crystallized intelligence
One of the 9 types of multiple intelligences
What is Musical, Logical, Existential, Interpersonal, Bodily Kinesthetic, Linguistic, Intra- personal, Spatial
opposed Skinner’s ideas and suggested that the rate of language acquisition is so fast that it cannot be explained through learning principles, and thus most of it is inborn
Who is Noam Chomsky
the BEST example or cognitive representation of something
What is a prototype
Albert Einstein said “We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them." This relates to the idea of a
Mental Set
The test is designed to predict a person's future performance
Aptitude
This psychologist theorized that we have multiple intelligences
Who is Howard Gardner
consists of the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
Syntax
A set of Methodical, logical rules or procedures that guarantee solving a particular problem
What is an algorithm
Jean Piaget believed that we develop and modify schema by two processes
Accommodation and Assimilation
Standardized tests establish a normal distribution of scores on a tested population in a bell-shaped pattern called the
Normal Curve
Sternberg’s theory of intelligence is made up of three parts which include
What is analytical, creative and practical intelligences
Argued that concepts preceded and aided the development of language
Jean Piaget
a cognitive bias that describes the common human tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered
What is the anchoring effect
If I am trying to determine a single best solution to a problem i am probably a
Psychologist David Wechsler created what is now the most widely used individual intelligence test, the
Wecshler Adult Intelligence Scale
For a psychological test to be acceptable it must fulfill three criteria
What is standardization, validity and reliability
This hypothesis states that children have better language-learning abilities and those abilities start to drop at a certain age