Cardiology
A 65-year-old male presents with sudden-onset chest pain radiating to his left arm, sweating, and shortness of breath. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads.
What is acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)?
A 35-year-old male presents with a 2-week history of dysphagia, regurgitation of food, and weight loss. His symptoms worsen when lying down, and he has a history of chronic heartburn. An endoscopy shows a "smooth, inflamed mucosa" in the esophagus.
What is gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?
A 30-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis. He has a history of deep vein thrombosis. A CT pulmonary angiogram confirms the diagnosis.
What is a pulmonary embolism?
A 60-year-old female presents with progressive fatigue, dizziness, and a harsh systolic murmur heard best at the right upper sternal border. Her echocardiogram shows thickened valve leaflets.
What is aortic stenosis?
A 60-year-old female presents with persistent abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. Her symptoms worsen after eating fatty foods. Her physical exam reveals jaundice, and she has a history of gallstones.
What is cholecystitis?
A 65-year-old female with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with chronic cough, purulent sputum, and progressive dyspnea. Physical examination reveals a barrel chest and diminished breath sounds.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – chronic bronchitis?
A 45-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with sudden-onset, severe chest pain that is described as tearing. He has a history of aortic aneurysm.
What is aortic dissection?
A 45-year-old female presents with progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and chronic cough. Her barium swallow study shows a "bird’s beak" appearance at the distal esophagus.
What is achalasia?
A 50-year-old female presents with a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest pain. A chest X-ray reveals consolidation in the right lower lobe, and sputum culture grows Streptococcus pneumoniae.
What is community-acquired pneumonia?
A 50-year-old male presents with episodes of palpitations, lightheadedness, and a rapid, irregular heartbeat. His ECG shows irregularly irregular rhythm with no distinct P waves.
What is atrial fibrillation?
A 30-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of bloating, alternating diarrhea and constipation, and lower abdominal cramps. She reports that her symptoms worsen with stress.
What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
A 65-year-old smoker presents with a persistent cough, weight loss, and night sweats. Chest CT shows a central mass near the hilum with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. He has a history of hemoptysis.
What is small cell lung cancer?
A 50-year-old female with a history of smoking presents with sudden-onset, sharp chest pain that worsens with inspiration and is relieved when leaning forward. On auscultation, there is a pericardial friction rub.
What is acute pericarditis?
A 45-year-old female with a history of Crohn’s disease presents with fever, chills, and severe right lower quadrant pain. She has a palpable mass in the abdomen and a history of fistulas.
What is an abdominal abscess or bowel perforation (complication of Crohn's disease)?
A 32-year-old female presents with progressive dyspnea, a dry cough, and fatigue. She has a history of sarcoidosis, and her chest X-ray shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy.
What is sarcoidosis?