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1. Independent regulatory agencies have
a. complete independence from the president, but their policymakers are appointed by Congress.
b. powerful rule-making, dispute-settling, and enforcement authority.
c. no real enforcement power any more, and remain today as part of the federal government only in a ceremonial role.
d. no formal ties to either the president or the Congress.
e. governing commissions composed of long-time federal Civil Service employees.
What is powerful rule-making, dispute-settling, and enforcement authority.