Musculoskeletal
What are the arthrokinematics of the humeroulnar joint during elbow extension?
Posterior roll and posterior glide of the ulna on the humerus.
What are the 3 components of balance?
Vision, Proprioception, Vestibular
What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?
60-100bpm
What is the primary function of the epidermis?
Protection against environmental threats.
What lab value is commonly elevated in a patient with infection?
White blood cell count (WBC)
What special test is used to identify anterior shoulder instability?
Apprehension Test
What is the typical presentation of spasticity in a stroke affecting the right MCA?
Left-sided hemiparesis w/ increased tone in UE flexors and LE extensors.
What breathing technique helps improve oxygenation in patients with COPD?
Pursed-lip breathing.
What stage of pressure ulcer involves full-thickness skin loss with visible subcutaneous fat?
Stage 3
A patient with diabetes should monitor what value before and after exercise?
Blood glucose
What type of muscle contraction occurs when lowering a weight during a bicep curl?
Eccentric contraction
A patient demonstrates intention tremors, dysdiadochokinesia, and balance deficits. What region of the CNS is likely affected?
Cerebellum
What are crackles (rales) typically associated with during auscultation?
Fluid in alveoli, often from pneumonia or congestive heart failure.
Pt. has wound above the medial malleolus. What is the most likely type of wound?
Venous Ulcer
What is a red flag for a patient with low back pain and recent unexplained weight loss?
Possible malignancy – refer out immediately.
During gait, which phase is most affected by a weak glute Medius? What gait deviation?
Midstance. Trendelenburg Gait.
Which nerve travels through both the cubital tunnel and tunnel of guyon?
Ulnar Nerve
A patient post-CABG complains of chest pain and ST segment elevation. What is your primary concern?
Myocardial infarction.
A patient has unilateral arm swelling post-mastectomy. What condition should be suspected?
Lymphedema
Describe the role of pelvic floor physical therapy after radical prostatectomy.
Improves urinary continence and pelvic muscle control.
Pt. sx are worse as a result to repeated L/S flexion w/ radicular symptoms that travel to the right buttock. Symptoms are relieved w/ repeated extension. What is the most likely Makenzie diagnosis?
Posterior Derangement
Motor function is preserved below the NLI and at least half (half or more) of key
muscles function below NLI with a muscle grade below 3 (0-2). What is the classification according to the ASIA scale?
Asia C
A patient with congestive heart failure presents with a dry cough, bilateral lower extremity edema, and crackles at the lung bases. What class of medication is most commonly prescribed, and what should the PT monitor during exercise?
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) are commonly prescribed. The PT should monitor for signs of dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, and electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia.
What is the most appropriate manual technique for proximal lymphatic drainage?
Manual lymphatic drainage starting proximally to open central lymphatics.
What autoimmune disorder affects the skin and internal organs, often with Raynaud’s and skin thickening?
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).