Key Terms
What is Afrikaans?
The language of Dutch South Africans
What date was the photograph taken that is Source 2?
Not really - it is a photograph taken on the day, so doesn't show impact.
Who was the leader of the ANC who was elected as the first black leader of SA in 1994?
Nelson Mandela
What does the name Boer mean in Afrikaans?
Farmer
Is Source 3 by Richard Manning a primary source or a secondary source? Explain your answer.
Secondary source because he has taken three primary source accounts and combined them into one.
Evaluate Source 3 for usefulness and reliability.
Useful - based on eyewitness accounts of the day, from the perspective of students who were there.
Incorporates information about the death of Hector Pietersen.
Reliable - based on eyewitness accounts.
Unreliable - written in 1987 based on accounts, so some time has passed.
Highly emotive language and a narrative, journalistic style makes it less reliable.
Who was Steven Biko?
Leader of the Black Consciousness movement and in part inspired Soweto uprising.
What does Soweto mean?
South West Townships
Who was the Prime Minister of South Africa three years after the uprising?
PW Botha
List three contrasting perspectives in Sources 1, 3 and 5.
Source 1 Tony Kleu white South African journalist - anti apartheid.
Source 3 Richard Manning US journalist - anti apartheid.
Source 5 Newspaper article neutral (or presenting the government's perspective).
Which party introduced the Apartheid laws in 1948.
The National Party (white South Africans of mostly Boer/Dutch ancestry).
What years did apartheid begin and end?
1948-1994
Name the two main anti-apartheid groups referred to as PAC and ANC.
African National Congress and Pan African Congress.
Origin - New York Times newspaper report on the first visit of a SA Prime Minister to Soweto.
Context - three years after the uprising. International sanctions are being to bite and apartheid is looking more and more shaky.
Audience - international readers interested in apartheid.
Perspective - neutral but does put forward the SA government's perspective without questioning it.
Who was Prime Minister during the Soweto Uprising?
Bonus 100 points - who was Minister for Justice?
Vorster.
Kruger.
Define the philosophy of Black Consciousness.
Black Consciousness was the name given to a philosophy associated with Steven Biko, who was a black South African activist. BC taught black South Africans to take pride in their heritage and to unify to overcome oppression.
What year did the UN Security Council impose an arms embargo (refusal to sell arms to South Africa) on South Africa?
For a bonus 100 points, why was this an unusual action for the Security Council?
1977
The source states that the Security Council was more inhibited because of the possibility of veto by the three permanent Western Members of the Security Council.
List two sources that corroborate each other (and explain in what aspect) and two seen sources that contrast or disagree with each other.
Source 1, 2 and 3 corroborate in that the students clearly did not expect violence.
Source 2 and 6 contrast in a depiction of increasing militancy after the uprising (armed struggle, as opposed to peaceful protest)
Source 4 and 5 contrast as they are both about similar time periods - Source 4 shows the increasing international pressure, but Source 5 implies that the white SA government was 'opening their hearts' to black South Africans.
Without looking at the seen sources, list all their origins.
Source 1 - Tony Kleu, white SA photographer
Source 2 - unknown photographer
Source 3 - Richard Manning, white US journalist
Source 4 - UN report George Hauser
Source 5 - New York Times
Source 6 - South Africa History Online website