Upping the Ante
What muscle in the forearm is responsible for flexing the DIPs?
Flexor digitorum proFUNdus
What are the nerve roots that contribute to the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive / keeps you alive
Which of the mediastina contains the heart?
Middle mediastinum, which is part of the inferior mediastinum
Describe the sensory innervation of the hand.
Lateral palm - median n.
Medial palm - ulnar n.
Dorsum of the hand - radial n.
What is the outer-most layer of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium
Injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow would result in what condition?
What is the main muscle of INspiration? What other muscles will assist during forced inspiration?
diaphragm
external intercostals
What is the anatomical landmark that separates the superior mediastinum from inferior mediastinum?
Transverse thoracic plane - Imaginary line from sternal angle to T4/T5 IV disc
Name the muscles of the hand under median n. control.
Lateral lumbricals
Opponens pollicus
Abductor pollicus
Flexor pollicus brevis
What structure travels along out outer surface of the pericardium?
phrenic nerve
Venipuncture usually targets i) which vein and if the phlebotomist goes too deep, would most likely injure ii) which nerve?
median cubital vein
median n.
Which thoracic wall muscles assist with forced expiration?
Internal and innermost intercostals
What is the significance of the anterior mediastina?
It is a common site of cancer metastasis. The mediastina is at risk if the growth is not addressed
Damage to the ulnar nerve would affect which action of the thumb?
adduction
The inferior aspect of the pericardium is in contact with which anatomical structure? The left aspect? The anterior aspect?
inferior: diaphragm
left: left lung
anterior: anterior mediastinum
Midshaft humerus fracture would result in what clinical condition (if remains untreated)?
Wrist drop
Name the 3 diaphragmic hiatuses and what passes through them.
T8 - inferior vena cava
T10 - esophagus
T12 - aorta
Name a structure that passes through the superior AND posterior mediastinum.
Esophagus
Aorta
Vagus n.
Fracture to the hook of the hamate could injure what 2 structures, resulting in what condition?
ulnar artery and nerve
clawing of digits 4 and 5
A patient presents to the ER with sharp chest pains. Chest X-ray reveals an enlarged heart. What diagnoses will you investigate further?
pericardial effusion
pericarditis
Median nerve injury at the elbow would result in i) what condition and ii) what muscles would be affected?
Hand of benediction
FDS, FDP (lateral 2 tendons), FPL, Pronator teres
Lateral 2 lumbricals, OAF thenar mm.
Describe the appearance of phrenic nerve paralysis on a chest X-ray vs. flail chest.
Phrenic n. paralysis - The dome of the diaphragm on the affected side would be significantly higher than the other.
Flail chest - several rib fx which cause the broken piece of the chest wall to move in the opposite direction from normal.
Describe the mediastinal locations of the following parts of the aorta: root of the aorta, arch of the aorta, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta
root: middle media
arch: superior media
thoracic: posterior media
abdominal: passes through T12 in diaphragm to enter abdominal region
Demonstrate where the first dorsal interossei is located and describe its action and innervation.
web space between thumb and digit 2 on dorsum of hand,
abduction of digit 2
innervation: ulnar n.
Define pericardial effusion (use full nomenclature)?
fluid build up in the pericardial cavity (between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium)