Lungs
functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Alveoli
manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib
Angle of Louis
cessation of breathing
Apnea
an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by inflammation, broncho-spasm, wheezing, and dyspnea
Asthma
an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli
Atelectasis
slow breathing, fewer than 10 breaths per minute, regular rate
Bradypnea
inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of the bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion
Bronchitis
one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divides
Bronchiole
he spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue
Bronchophony
the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by a moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration
Bronchovesicular
a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis)
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)
millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
Cilia
the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia
Consolidation
(rales) abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration
Crackles
coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue
Crepitus
passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange (e.g., trachea, bronchi)
Dead space
difficult, labored breathing
Dyspnea
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles
Emphysema
the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs
Fissure
a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall
Fremitus
space between the ribs
Intercostal space
ability to breathe easily only in an upright position
Orthopnea
sudden awakening from sleeping, with shortness of breath
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ
Percussion
abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura
Pleural effusion