anatomy
the thyroid is a (an) ____ gland
endocrine
micro calcifications are associated with benign thyroid nodules: true or false
false
goiter can be defined as
focal or diffuse enlargement of the thyroglandular tissue
synthesis of T3 and T4 depends on the availability of which chemical?
iodine
4
which vessels lie most adjacent and lateral to the thyroid gland
common carotid arteries
the term thyroid inferno refers to
the intense color flow signal associated with graves disease
a pyramidal lobe is an anomaly where a third thyroid gland extends ______
superior
the thyroid gland produces which hormones
T3, T4 and calcitonin
where are the parathyroid glands located?
on the posterior aspect of the thyroid
the echogenicity of a normal thyroid is
homogenous, low to medium level echoes
the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid is
papillary carcinoma
the most common type of thyroid abnormality is
multinodular goiter
a person with normal thyroid function is termed
euthyroid
the parathyroid gland is flat and disc shaped. the echotexture is similar to the thyroid. It is usually documented on a thyroid ultrasound scan.
TRUE or FALSE
false
which structure may be confused with a thyroid mass or parathyroid mass due to its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the thyroid
the esophagus
sonographic findings of nodules that are higher risk for malignancy (3)
hypoechoic mass
cervical lymphadenopathy
incomplete halo
what type of nodule on nuclear medicine is associated with a malignant nodule?
a cold nodule
the hypothalamus produces _____ which controls the release of _________ by the anterior pituitary gland
thyrotropin releasing hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
the main purpose of a parathyroid gland is to regulate:
calcium levels
what is the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node
an anechoic oval structure with an echogenic hilum measuring less than 1 cm
a 50 year old patient presents to the department for a thyroid scan. she has low T3 and T4 and increased TSH. She has weight gain and depression. what is she most likely suffering from?
Hashimoto's
which of the following can cause hyperthyroidism
A) parathyroid hyperplasia
B) nontoxic simple goiter
C)graves disease
D)Hashimoto's
C) graves disease
what type of function is associated with hashimoto's and what would the labs be?
hypothyroidism.
low t3 and t4, increased TSH
hypercalcemia is associated with
parathyroid adenoma