Anatomy
Where in the body is the thyroid gland located?
Anterior neck, below the larynx and in front of the trachea
When was the term hyperthyroidism introduced?
1910
What is best way to initially test thyroid function?
TSH test
Thyroid cancer symptoms - name 2
neck swelling, lumps, or nodes found in your neck
other: Large thyroid tumors may cause neck or facial pain, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, coughing, voice changes, and shortness of breath.
Thyroid hormones that control metabolism
T3 and T4
What structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid?
Isthmus
What year was the first use of radioactive iodine to demonstrate a "hot" thyroid nodule?
1947
What insect-shaped organ is the thyroid often compared to?
Butterfly
What autoimmune disease is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
What element is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis?
Iodine
What small glands located behind the thyroid help regulate calcium levels?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
When was the first successful partial thyroidectomy performed?
1791
How much does a healthy adult thyroid gland typically weigh (approximately)?
About 15–25 grams
What thyroid disorder is associated with eye bulging (exophthalmos)?
Graves Disease
Which pituitary hormone regulates thyroid activity?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
What type of tissue makes up the thyroid follicles?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What was the first treatment for goiter used in 2700 BC?
seaweed
Which famous historical figure is believed to have had hypothyroidism?
Queen Victoria (commonly cited)
What hormone imbalance leads to goiter formation?
Iodine deficiency (or chronic TSH stimulation)
What protein transports thyroid hormones in the bloodstream?
thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
Which nerve is at risk of injury during thyroid surgery and affects the voice?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Who was the first person known to have drawn a thyroid gland?
Leonardo Da Vinci
Which animal species can dramatically change thyroid activity during metamorphosis?
Amphibians (e.g., frogs)
Which thyroid condition is more common in women than men?
Autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's disease (hypothyroidism) or Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism))
What imaging study is commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules?
thyroid ultrasound