Corrosion
What four components are needed for galvanic corrosion to occur?
Anode, cathode, electrolyte, electrical connection
What bacterial signaling process triggers biofilm formation?
Quorum sensing
What does the term "bioresorbable" mean in biomaterials?
Degrades and is absorbed by the body
Which immune cell first responds to implanted biomaterials?
Macrophage
What metal commonly causes allergic reactions in implants?
Nickel
What type of corrosion occurs in tight, fluid-filled gaps like those in implants?
Crevice corrosion
What film forms on implants immediately upon contact with blood?
Protein film
What type of chemical process causes PLGA to degrade?
Hydrolytic degradation
What structure forms around implants as part of the foreign body reaction?
Fibrous capsule
Why might in-lab corrosion tests fail to predict in vivo corrosion?
Lab conditions are ideal and not complex like the body
What corrosion occurs due to rubbing contact between two metals under load?
Fretting corrosion
What structural feature makes biofilms resistant to antibiotics?
Protective matrix
What immune cells appear due to rapid degradation of biomaterials?
Giant multinucleated cells
What immune complication is caused by mismatched MHC proteins?
Acute graft rejection
What type of material is added to vaccines to enhance immune response?
Adjuvant
What thermodynamic property, when increased, raises corrosion susceptibility?
Free energy
What immune cells are blocked by biofilm shielding?
Neutrophils and macrophages
What is the consequence of persistent wear debris in joint implants?
Chronic inflammation
How are implanted cells protected from immune attack in tissue engineering?
Selective biomaterial encapsulation
What condition can result from metal ion allergy?
Skin dermatitis or implant failure
Which corrosion type was most common in retrieved stainless steel devices?
Crevice corrosion
What is one biomaterial strategy to prevent bacterial colonization?
Silver coatings or tethered antibiotics
What event may reverse wound healing due to fast-degrading implants?
Prolonged inflammation from particles
What FDA-approved mineral salt is used as a vaccine adjuvant?
Aluminum hydroxide
Why are ceramic implants poorly tolerated in osteoporotic patients?
Ceramic is too hard for weak bone