Tissue Healing

Definitions

100

The structural and functional changes in the body caused by disease or trauma

Pathology

200

Programmed cell death that is genetically mediated and managed. It is usually physiologic, but can be pathologic. It is not usually associated with an inflammatory response

Apoptosis

300

Active process of degradation of dead cells. End point of the pathological process that results in lethal, irreversible cell injury. Hallmarks = alteration in the cells nucleus/ mitochondria and rupture of the cell membrane. 

Necrosis 

400

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body 

Ischemia 

500

A naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing and occasionally cellular differentiation. 

Growth Factors 

Tissue Healing

100

One of the 2 ways tissues heal; is the regrowth of original tissue. There are only a few that can do this, i.e. the epidermis

Regeneration 

200

One of 2 ways that tissues heal; is the formation of a connective tissue scar

Repair

300

Building blocks of tissue (~28 kinds)

Collagen

400

Earliest proteins that provide structural support (like scaffolding) that attracts fibroblasts and macrophages to the healing tissue 

Fibronectin 

500

Proteins secreted by fibroblasts that bind to fibronectin and collagen and stabilize tissue as its undergoing repair 

Proteoglycans 

Types of Cell Injury

100

Degeneration or wasting away 

Atrophy

200

Enlargement of an organ or tissue, due to an increase in cell size

Hypertrophy 

300

Increase in the number of cells 

Hyperplasia

400

Change in the nature of tissue, from one cell type to another (external stimulus) can be reversible, less likely to lead to cancer i.e. smoking tobacco changes the bronchial epithelium 

Metaplasia 

500

Transforms a cell into an abnormal version of itself (internal stimulus); more likely to become cancer, irreversible 

Dysplasia 

Inflammation

100

When does inflammation begin (#1) and when does inflammation end (#2)

#1: Begins at the moment of cell injury 

#2: Terminates when the injurious agent is removed

200

1/3 primary outcomes of inflammation: Results in normal tissue structure forming. This typically occurs after mild trauma and minimal tissue damage. 

Complete Resolution 

300

1/3 primary outcomes of inflammation: This occurs after substantial tissue trauma and tissues with little capacity for regeneration or after prolonged edema 

Healing with Scar 

400

1/3 primary outcomes of inflammation: Develops if the underlying cause is not addressed and the agent causing the injury persists for a prolonged period. Repeated episodes of inflammation (acute) on the same tissue. Low grade/ persistent immune reaction. 

Chronic Fibrosis 

500

What are the 2 components of the inflammatory reaction that have to do with blood vessels and WBCs? 

Vascular alterations and Leukocyte Accumulations 

Types of Necrosis

100

Caused by ischemia 

Coagulative 

200

Caused by TB and other fungal infections

Caseous

300

Caused by pyogenic bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus)

Liquefactive

400

Caused by acute pancreatitis, abdominal trauma

Fatty Necrosis 

500

Caused by trauma in blood vessel walls 

Fibrinoid