Tissues and Integumentary System Review

1

100

Define Histology.

The microscopic study of tissues.

p.155

200

List the 4 basic types of body tissues.

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous.

p.155, Table 5.1

300

What are intercellular junctions?

connect the cell membranes of adjoining cells.

Types: Tight junction, desmosome, gap junctions

p. 155-156, table 5.2

400

List the layers of the skin from outside to inside.

Epidermis and Dermis; subcutaneous  layer is below the dermis and NOT part of the skin

p. 184-185

500

List the types of epithelium and an example of each.

Simple squamous- linings of blood vessels

Simple cuboidal-linings of kidney tubules

Simple columnar- lining of uterus, stomach

Pseudostratified columnar-lining of respiratory passages

Stratified squamous- superficial layer of skin

Stratified cuboidal- linings of mammary ducts,  sweat glands

Stratified columnar-part of male urethra

Transitional- lining of bladder

p. 163, table 5.3

2

100

Define merocrine, apocrine and holocrine glands.

Merocrine- glands that release fluid products via exocytosis

Apocrine- glands that lose small portions of their glandular bodies during secretion

Holocrine- glands that release entire cells

p. 162

200

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine-glands that secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces

Endocrine- glands that secrete  their products into tissue fluid or blood

p 162

300

Define tendons and ligaments. 

tendons-collagen fibers that connect muscle to bone

ligaments- collagen fibers that connect bone to bone

400

Define connective tissue.

comprise much of the body; 2 types: connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue.

-bind structures, support, framework, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells,etc. 

p. 165

500

Define adipose tissue. 

develop when adipocytes store fat droplets in their cytoplasm. 

p.169

3

100

What is collagen?

a protein that is the major structural protein of the body; thick threads are called collagen fibers

p.168

200

Define extracellular matrix.

composed of protein fibers and a ground substance consisting of nonfibrous protein and other molecules/fluid

-binds, supports,  and provides a medium through which substances may be transferred  between the blood and cells of tissue.

p.166

300

What is the difference between a mucous membrane and serous membrane?

Serous membranes line the body cavities that do not open to the outside and reduce friction between the organs & cavity walls.

Mucous membranes-line the cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body.

p.176

400

What is muscle tissue? List the types. 

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

p.176

500

What is nervous tissue?

contain neurons; found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves

p.178

4

100

List the parts of the integumentary system

Epidermis, Dermis, subcutaneous layer, sweat glands, adipose tissue and others

200

Define keratinocytes. Where are they located?

older epidermal cells that are pushed from the dermis toward the skin surface. 

p.185-186

300

Define dermal papillae.

epidermal ridges that project inward and tapered projections that extend from the dermis into spaces between the ridges. They increase the surface area where epidermal cells receive oxygen and nutrients from dermal capillaries.

p. 190-191

400

Define melanin. Where is it located?

pigment produced by melanocytes; provides skin color

located in the epidermis

p.187

500

Define epidermis.

The superficial out layer of skin composed of stratus squamous epithelium.

p. 184-185

5

100

Define Dermis.

the deep, inner layer of  that is thicker than epidermis and made up of connective tissue

p.185

200

Define and List the structures of the nail. 

protective covering of the ends of the fingers. 

Nail plate, nail bed, nail matrix, cuticle

p.191

300

What is the Arrector pili muscle?

bundle of smooth muscle cells that attaches to each hair follicle

p.193

400

Define sebaceous gland.

contains a group of specialized  epithelial cells and are usually associated with hair follicles; holocrine glands.

p. 193-194

500

Define apocrine sweat gland.

become active at puberty; secrete by exocytosis

p.194-195

6

100

What is the purpose of sweating?

the response of the body to elevated temperatures due to environment or physical activity

p.194-195

200

Define inflammation. When does it occurr?

Normal response to injury or stress; blood vessels dilate in affected areas and become more permeable, allowing fluids to leak into damaged tissue.

p.198-199

300

List the steps of wound healing.

blood vessels break and released blood forms a clot, tissue fluids seep into the area and dry, the blood clot and dried fluid form a SCAB that covers and protects underlying tissues, epithelial cells proliferate under the scab and bridge the wound, fibroblasts migrate into the injured region and secrete collagen fibers that bind the edges of the wound, blood vessels extend beneath the scab, phagocytic cells remove dead cells and other debris and eventually scab sloughs off.

p.199